大型铝土矿山综采工作面区段回风巷围岩破坏特征实测研究  

Field Measurement Study on Failure Characteristics of Surrounding Rock of Return Airway in Fully Mechanized Mining Face Section of Large Bauxite Mine

作　　者：高林[1,2,3] 高昌思 吴延平 李强 石笑天 谢家胜 徐旭 GAO Lin;GAO Changsi;WU Yanping;LI Qiang;SHI Xiaotian;XIE Jiasheng;XU Xu(Mining College of Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Research Center of Roadway Support and Disaster Prevention Engineering in Coal Industry,Beijing 100083,China;National&Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering for Effective Utilization of Regional Mineral Resources from Karst Areas,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Zunyi Industrial Development Co.,Ltd.,State Power Investment Group,Zunyi 563000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学矿业学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]煤炭行业巷道支护与灾害防治工程研究中心,北京100083 [3]喀斯特地区优势矿产资源高效利用国家地方联合工程实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [4]国家电投集团贵州遵义产业发展有限公司,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《金属矿山》2025年第4期12-20,共9页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:52264008,52004073);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(编号:黔科合支撑[2023]一般288,黔科合支撑[2021]一般400);贵州大学引进人才科研基金项目(编号:贵大人基合字[2020]42号);贵州大学培育项目(编号:贵大培育[2019]27号)。

摘　　要：瓦厂坪铝土矿是国内首个采用综合机械化开采工艺的大型有色金属地下矿山。为了探究区段矿柱留设宽度对区段回风巷道围岩破坏的影响,对目前不同区段矿柱宽度留设下的1104回风巷、1106回风巷进行了现场钻孔摄像观测,得到巷道围岩的内部结构及破坏情况。定性、定量分析了围岩松动圈的大小、裂隙密度,并对矿柱受力情况进行了分析。结果表明:不同位置的围岩松动圈发育程度存在显著差异,其中矿柱侧的松动圈较大,而顶板和矿壁侧的松动圈则相对较小。20 m矿柱因支承压力演化形成“双峰马鞍形”应力重构,叠加复合应力场导致巷道围岩破坏程度和深度更为显著,而10 m矿柱的非对称弧形三角结构产生“单峰”支承压力分布和低扰动应力场,使巷道围岩破坏较小。两种矿柱在采矿活动中受到了不同程度的影响,矿柱内部塑性区并未贯通,矿柱内仍然存在一定范围的弹性核区域,表明现阶段留设的20 m、10 m宽度矿柱均具有进一步优化减小的可能性。研究结果可为矿山后续开采过程中的区段矿柱留设及巷道围岩控制提供依据。Wachangping bauxite mine is the first large non-ferrous metal underground mine using comprehensive mechanized mining technology in China.In order to explore the influence of the width of the pillar in the section on the damage of the surrounding rock of the return air roadway in the section,the on-site borehole camera observation was carried out on the 1104 return air roadway and 1106 return air roadway under the width of the pillar in different sections,and the internal structure and damage of the surrounding rock of the roadway were obtained.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the size of the surrounding rock loose circle,crack density,and the stress of the pillar were analyzed.The results show that there are significant differences in the development degree of surrounding rock loose circle at different positions,among which the loose circle on the pillar side is larger,while the loose circle on the roof and wall side is relatively small.The 20 m pillar forms a′bimodal saddleshaped′stress reconstruction due to the evolution of the abutment pressure,and the superimposed composite stress field leads to a more significant damage degree and depth of the surrounding rock of the roadway,while the asymmetric arc-shaped triangular structure of the 10 m pillar produces a′unimodal′abutment pressure distribution and a low disturbance stress field,which makes the surrounding rock of the roadway less damaged.The two pillars have been affected to varying degrees in mining activities.The plastic zone inside the pillar has not been penetrated,and there is still a certain range of elastic core area in the pillar,indicating that the 20 m and 10 m width pillars left at this stage have the possibility of further optimization and reduction.The research results can provide a basis for the section pillar retention and roadway surrounding rock control in the subsequent mining process of the mine.

关 键 词：综合机械化开采 区段矿柱 围岩松动圈 裂隙密度 

分 类 号：TD322[矿业工程—矿井建设]