老挝某高硫难选铜锌锡矿石的工艺矿物学研究  

Study on Process Mineralogy of a High-sulfur Refractory Copper-zinc-tin Ore in Laos

作　　者：胡泽伟 童雄[1,2,3] 马原琳 谢贤 宋强[1,2,3] 范琳琳 HU Zewei;TONG Xiong;MA Yuanlin;XIE Xian;SONG Qiang;FAN Linlin(School of Land and Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Comprehensive Utilization of Metal Mine Tailings Resources,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources for Clean Utilization,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]金属矿尾矿资源绿色综合利用国家地方联合工程研究中心,云南昆明650093 [3]省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《金属矿山》2025年第4期95-102,共8页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:52174252);云南省科技厅重大科技专项(编号:202202AG050010);云南省科技重大专项(编号:22ZD6GK065)。

摘　　要：为给老挝某难选高硫铜锌锡多金属矿石的合理开发利用工艺研究提供可靠而全面的矿石性质信息,对有代表性矿石开展了系统的工艺矿物学研究。结果表明:(1)矿石中的主要有价元素为铜、锌、锡、铁、硫,伴生有价元素有金、银和铟。(2)铜主要以黄铜矿的形式存在、锌主要以铁闪锌矿的形式存在,锡主要以锡石的形式存在,硫主要以磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿的形式存在。(3)矿石中黄铜矿的主要粒径范围在4.8~300μm、铁闪锌矿在6.8~300μm,磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿在+19μm、锡石在9.6~150μm,黄铜矿、铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿均较锡石易解离。(4)黄铜矿主要呈他形粒状、星点状嵌布,铁闪锌矿主要呈他形粒状嵌布,锡石主要呈自形-他形粒状嵌布,磁黄铁矿大部分呈他形粒状、少数呈自形板状嵌布,黄铁矿大部分呈致密粒状或块状、稠密浸染状嵌布,石英呈自形-他形粒状嵌布,绿泥石呈显微鳞片状嵌布,萤石呈他形粒状嵌布,白云母呈显微鳞片状嵌布,各矿物间总体连生关系紧密,黄铜矿与铁闪锌矿的嵌布关系尤其紧密。(5)矿石磨矿细度的确定,应兼顾铁闪锌矿(含黄铜矿)的充分解离和避免锡石过粉碎因素通过试验确定;由于黄铜矿与铁闪锌矿难以单体解离,因此宜采用抑硫浮铜锌工艺一并回收,并尽量使金、银和铟矿物富集在铜锌精矿中;磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿的回收采用单一浮选工艺还是磁浮联合工艺,将从硫回收指标和为后续重选回收锡创造更好条件的角度而定;最后在充分脱硫的前提下重选回收锡石,从而实现矿石中有用矿物的高效综合回收。In order to provide reliable and comprehensive information on the ore properties for the rational development and utilization of a refractory high-sulfur copper-zinc-tin polymetallic ore in Laos,a systematic process mineralogy study was conducted on representative samples.The results indicated that:①The primary valuable elements in the ore are copper,zinc,tin,iron,and sulfur,while the associated valuable elements include gold,silver,and indium.②Copper predominantly exists as chalcopyrite,zinc as marmatite,tin as cassiterite,and sulfur mainly as pyrrhotite and pyrite.③The main particle size ranges for chalcopyrite are 4.8 to 300μm,for marmatite 6.8 to 300μm,for pyrrhotite and pyrite above 19μm,and for cassiterite 9.6 to 150μm.Chalcopyrite,marmatite,pyrrhotite,and pyrite are more readily dissociated than cassiterite.④Chalcopyrite is primarily disseminated in irregular granular and star-shaped forms,marmatite in irregular granular form,cassiterite in self-shaped and irregular granular forms,pyrrhotite mainly as irregular granular with some in self-shaped plate form,and pyrite mainly in dense granular or massive forms.Quartz is disseminated in self-shaped and irregular granular forms,chlorite at the micro-scale,fluorite in irregular granular form,and muscovite also at the micro-scale.There is a close intergrowth relationship between the minerals,particularly between chalcopyrite and marmatite.⑤The determination of ore grinding fineness should consider the full dissociation of marmatite(including chalcopyrite)while avoiding excessive crushing of cassiterite.Given the difficulty in dissociating chalcopyrite and marmatite from one another,it is advisable to implement a process of sulfur suppression and combinedcopper-zinc flotation to recover them together,with the goal of enriching gold,silver,and indium minerals in the copper-zinc concentrate.The recovery of pyrrhotite and pyrite can be achieved through a single flotation process or a combined magneticflotation process,which will be informed by the sulfu

关 键 词：高硫铜锌锡多金属矿石 工艺矿物学 磁-浮联合工艺 综合利用 

分 类 号：TD912[矿业工程—选矿]