2016—2023年南昌市流感样病例病原学监测分析  

Analysis of the etiological surveillance of influenza-like illness in Nanchang City from 2016 to 2023

作　　者：涂正波 周坤 胡茂红 TU Zhengbo;ZHOU Kun;HU Maohong(The Collaboration Unit of Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Jiangri Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonotic and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases,Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanchang,Jiangri 330038,China)

机构地区：[1]传染病预防控制国家重点实验室研究基地江西省动物源与媒介生物性传染病重点实验室南昌市疾病预防控制中心,江西南昌330038

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第3期315-319,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江西省卫生健康委员会科技项目(202211686);南昌市科技局医疗卫生引导性科技计划项目(2023YLWS022)。

摘　　要：目的分析2016—2023年南昌市流行性感冒(流感)流行规律,为流感防控提供参考依据。方法通过“中国流感监测信息系统”收集南昌市2016—2023年流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)病原学监测数据,对数据进行描述和统计分析。结果共监测ILI 393032例,采集ILI样本18989份,其中流感病毒核酸阳性2636份,ILI阳性率为13.88%。检出的流感病毒主要为甲型H3N2亚型943份(35.77%)、乙型Victoria系817份(30.99%)、甲型H1N1亚型676份(25.64%)、乙型Yamagata系197份(7.47%)。2016—2017、2019、2021—2023年度ILI出现双流行期,主要分布在冬春季和夏季,2018和2020年度只有冬季流行期。2020—2023年度各月ILI阳性率的波动幅度(CV=140.66%)大于2016—2019年度(CV=92.68%)。2020—2021年度只检出乙型Victoria系流感病毒(189份和221份),其他年度均出现多种型别流感病毒流行。各年龄组ILI阳性率的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=285.136,P<0.05)。结论南昌市流感高发人群主要为青少年,每年常有多种流感病毒亚型流行,流感活动呈现冬春季单流行期、冬春季和夏季双流行期的交替,2020年后流感季节性特征和病毒交替出现变化。Objective To analyze the epidemiological patterns of influenza in Nanchang City from 2016 to 2023 and to provide a reference for influenza prevention and control measures.Methods Data on influenza-like illness(ILI)and influenza etiological surveillance in Nanchang City from 2016 to 2023 were collected by the national influenza sentinel surveillance system for description and statistical analysis.Results From 2016 to 2023,393032 ILI cases were detected in Nanchang City,with 18989 ILI samples collected.Among these 2636 samples were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid(ILI positive rate was 13.88%).The influenza viruses detected were mainly subtype A H3N2943(35.77%),type B Victoria 817(30.99%),type A H1N1676(25.64%),and type B Yamagata 197(7.47%).Influenza exhibited dual epidemic periods in 2016—2017,2019,2021—2023,primarily occurring in winter-spring and summer,while only a winter epidemic period was observed in 2018 and 2020.The monthly ILI positivity rate from 2020 to 2023(CV=140.66%)was greater than that in 2016—2019(CV=92.68%).In 2020 and 2021,only type B Victoria influenza virus was detected,while in the other years,multiple influenza viruses were detected(189,221).The difference in ILI positivity rate in all age groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=285.136,P<0.05).Conclusions In Nanchang City,the population with the highest incidence of influenza was mainly adolescents.Influenza activity showed a single peak in winterspring and alternating double peaks in winter-spring and summer,and multiple influenza viruses are often prevalent in the same year.Notably,changes in seasonal characteristics and virus circulation patterns have been observed since 2020.

关 键 词：流感样病例 流感病毒 哨点监测 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]