2021—2023年山东省聊城市学龄前儿童体格发育状况分析  

Analyze the physical development of preschool children in Liaocheng City,Shandong Province,2021-2023

作　　者：高迈 张婷[1] 陈杰超 李燕[1] GAO Mai;ZHANG Ting;CHEN Jiechao;LI Yan(Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University.Jinan,Shandong 250014,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属山东省妇幼保健院,山东济南250014 [2]聊城市东昌府区妇幼保健院

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第3期320-323,共4页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2021MH296)。

摘　　要：目的了解2021—2023年山东省聊城市幼儿园3—6岁学龄前儿童营养不良、超重/肥胖常见病现况,为制定学龄前儿童常见疾病的防治措施提供科学依据。方法2021—2023年随机整群抽取聊城市幼儿园3—6岁学龄前儿童查体数据,采用体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)作为诊断营养不良、超重/肥胖的标准,对学龄前儿童营养不良、超重/肥胖常见病的调查结果进行分析。结果2021—2023年共调查61342人次儿童健康查体数据。3~<7岁学龄前儿童生长迟缓检出率分别为2.19%、2.36%、2.46%和2.12%,低体质量检出率分别为1.04%、1.12%、1.28%和1.16%,消瘦检出率分别为1.01%、1.18%、1.01%和1.17%,超重检出率分别为20.16%、18.71%、17.68%和17.03%,肥胖检出率分别为7.26%、8.12%、11.00%和14.35%。不同年度和年龄儿童超重差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.702、17.048,P<0.01)。2021年913例超重/肥胖儿童3年随访后改善率为24.42%,性别及年龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2471例非超重/肥胖儿童新发超重/肥胖率为13.03%,性别差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.072,P=0.300),而年龄之间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.428,P<0.01)。结论2021—2023年学龄前儿童生长迟缓、低体质量及消瘦的检出率总体变化不大,超重/肥胖检出率随年份增长呈下降趋势,2021年超重/肥胖的改善率及2021年非超重/肥胖儿童的新发超重/肥胖率仍提示需要加强儿童超重/肥胖防治。Objective To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and overweight/obesity in preschool children aged 3-6 years in Liaocheng,Shandong Province,from 2021—2023,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention measures against common diseases in preschool children.Methods The physical examination data of preschool children aged 3-6 years in kindergartners in Liaocheng City were randomly selected from 2021-2023.Body mass index(BMI)was used as the standard for diagnosing of malnutrition and overweight/obesity,and the survey results of common diseases of malnutrition and overweight/obesity in preschool children were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 61342 health check-up records were collected from 2021 to 2023.Points 3-<7 years old preschool children's growth retardation detection rates were 2.19%,2.36%,2.46%,and 2.12%,respectively.The detection rates for underweight were 1.04%,1.12%,1.28%and 1.16%;for thinness,they were 1.01%,1.18%,1.01%,and 1.17%respectively.The prevalence of overweight was 20.16%,18.71%,17.68%and 17.03%,and the prevalence of obesity was 7.26%,8.12%,11.00%and 14.35%,respectively.The annual differences in overweight among children of different ages in different years in the four age groups were statistically significant(χ^(2)=9.702.17.048,P<0.01).The improvement rate of 913 overweight/obese children after 3 years of follow-up in 2021 was 24.42%,with significant differences in gender and age(P<0.01).The incidence of overweight/obesity in 2471 non-overweight/obese children in 2021 was 13.03%.There was no significant difference between genders(χ^(2)=1.072,P=0.300),but there was a significant difference between ages(χ^(2)=8.428,P<0.01).Conclusions The prevalence of stunting,underweight,and thinness among preschool children showed no overall change from 2021 to 2023,while the prevalence of overweight/obesity showed a downward trend with the increase of years.The improvement rate of overweight/obesity in 2021 and the new incidence rate among non-overweight/obese children still

关 键 词：学龄前期儿童 体格发育 超重 肥胖 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]