天津市水痘减毒活疫苗纳入免疫规划前后疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析  

Analysis of suspected adverse events following immunization before and after the inclusion in the immunization program in Tianjin

作　　者：骆晓艳[1] 张国平 郭百慧 李永成[1] 高志刚[1] LUO Xiaoyan;ZHANG Guoping;GUO Baihui;LI Yongcheng;GAO Zhigang(Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 30001l,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心,天津300011

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第3期324-328,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：天津市医学重点学科(专科)建设项目(TJYXZDXK-50A);国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生人才培养支持项目。

摘　　要：目的评价天津市水痘减毒活疫苗(varicella attenuated live vaccine,VarV)纳入免疫规划前后疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)发生率,为疫苗接种策略提供参考。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”收集2010—2023年VarV AEFI个案,通过天津市免疫规划信息管理系统收集VarV接种剂次数,描述性分析VarV AEFI分布特征和报告发生率。结果2010—2023年天津市VarV AEFI 1484例年均报告发生率为55.49/10万剂,纳入免疫规划前期、实施初期、实施持续期报告发生率为42.84/10万剂、153.91/10万剂、27.93/10万剂。各期报告病例均以一般反应为主(35.47/10万剂、140.03/10万剂、24.16/10万剂),主要症状是发热(38.66/10万剂)、一过性皮疹(4.11/10万剂)和局部红肿(3.85/10万剂);异常反应主要是过敏性反应(4.60/10万剂),其中过敏性皮疹的发生率最高(3.22/10万剂)。2010—2023年严重异常反应发生率为0.41/10万剂,各期严重异常反应发生率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.430,P=0.489)。各期病例数最多的均为1~<2岁年龄组(293例、625例、162例),实施持续期4~<5岁组构成较之前明显增加;VarV AEFI无明显季节性;各期第1剂次报告发生率高于第2剂次,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.880、176.469、13.829,P<0.05)。结论天津市VarV AEFI以一般反应为主,异常反应报告发生率处于较低水平,免疫规划实施持续期VarV AEFI发生率在预期范围,安全性良好。Objective To evaluate the incidence of suspected adverse events following immunization(AEFI)associated with varicella attenuated live vaccine(VarV)in Tianjin before and after its inclusion in the immunization program,providing insights for vaccination strategies.Methods Data on VarV AEFI cases during 2010—2023 from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and the data on VarV inoculants were collected through the Tianjin Immunization Program information management system.Descriptive analyses of AEFI distribution and reported incidence were conducted.Results A total of 1484 VarV AEFI cases were heported and incidence was 55.49 per 100000 in Tianjin,2010—2023.The average annual reporting rates before inclusion,during initial implementation,and ongoing implementation phases were 42.84 per 100000 doses,153.91 per 100000 doses,and 27.93 per 100000 doses,respectively.General reactions predominated in all phases(35.47 per 100000 doses,140.03 per 100000 doses,and 24.16 per 100000 doses),with the most common symptoms being fever(38.66 per100000 doses),transient rash(4.11 per 100000 doses),and localized redness and swelling(3.85 per 100000 doses).The abnormal reactions were mainly allergic reactions(4.60 per 100000),and the incidence of allergic rash was the highest(3.22 per 100000).The incidence of severe adverse reactions averaged 0.41 per 100000 doses from 2010 to2023,with no statistically significant differences across phases(χ^(2)=1.430,P=0.489).The highest number of cases in each stage was in the 1-year-old group(293 cases,625 cases,162 cases),with a notable increase in the 4-5-year age group during the continuous implementation stage.VarV AEFI showed no obvious seasonality,and the reporting rate for the first dose was significantly higher than that for the second dose in all phases(χ^(2)=4.880,176.469,13.829,P<0.05).Conclusions The general reaction of VarV AEFI was predominant,and the incidence of abnormal reaction was at a low level in Tianjin.The incidence of VarV AEFI during the ongoi

关 键 词：水痘减毒活疫苗 疑似预防接种异常反应 监测 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]