山东省农村老年人自评健康与社会支持现状及其关系研究  

Study on the current status and relationship between self-rated health and social support among rural elderly people in Shandong Province

作　　者：魏佳特 司明舒 王月强 梁栋[2,3] WEI Jiate;SI Mingshu;WANG Yueqiang;LIANG Dong(Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100050,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院,北京100050 [2]福建医科大学卫生管理学院 [3]福建省医药卫生体制改革研究会健康养老专业委员会 [4]滨州市卫生健康保障中心

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第3期329-335,共7页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2021年度高校以马克思主义为指导的哲学社会科学学科基础理论研究项目(JSZM2021026);2021年度福州市社会科学规划一般项目(2021FZC29);福建省科协科技创新智库课题研究项目(FJKX-2024XKB010)。

摘　　要：目的了解山东省农村老年人社会支持与自评健康现状,探讨两者关系及影响自评健康的相关因素,为全面推进健康乡村建设、促进老年健康提供决策依据。方法2023年2—8月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,利用自制问卷、视觉模拟标尺(European Quality of Visual Analogue Scale,EQ-VAS)得分和社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale,SSRS),对山东省东部、中部、西部3个市≥60岁农村老年人进行问卷调查。采用多重线性回归分析农村老年人自评健康的影响因素。结果1981名山东省农村老年人参与调查,EQ-VAS评分为(70.27±17.48)分,SSRS评分为(30.53±6.88)分。多重线性回归分析结果显示,高社会支持评分(β=0.176)、充满信心的养老生活期望(β=6.192)、有农村幸福院但没有服务(β=2.039)、有农村幸福院且提供基本生活照料服务(β=2.137)、偶尔感到孤独寂寞(β=8.704)、没有焦虑抑郁感(β=15.033)、偶尔有焦虑抑郁感(β=10.947)是农村老年人自评健康的正向因素(P<0.05);年龄为70~<80岁(β=-2.322)、≥80岁(β=-4.251)、低收入(β=-8.128)是农村老年人自评健康的负向因素(P<0.05)。结论社会支持与农村老年人自评健康状况显著相关,应全面推进健康乡村建设,加强对农村老年人的社会支持,强化对农村低收入与高龄老年人的关怀,开展老年人喜闻乐见的乡村活动方式,以老龄人口健康高质量发展支撑中国式现代化。Objective This study aimed to understand the current situation of social support and self-rated health among elderly people in rural areas of Shandong Province,to explore the relationship between the two,and to identify the relevant factors affecting self-rated health,providing a better decision-making basis for comprehensively promoting the construction of healthy rural areas and enhancing elderly health.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 1981 rural elderly people aged 60 and above in the eastern,central,and western regions of Shandong Province,using self-made questionnaires,the European quality of visual analogue scale(EQ-VAS)scores,and the social support rating scale(SSRS)in February to August,2023.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of self-rated health among rural elderly people.Results The surveyed 1981 rural elderly people in Shandong Province had an EQ-VAS score of(70.27±17.48)and an SSRS score of(30.53±6.88).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that high social support scores(β=0.176),confident expectations for rural elderly care(β=6.192),living in areas with rural happy homes providing no service(β=2.039),living in areas with rural happy homes providing basic life care services(β=2.137),occasional loneliness(β=8.704),no anxiety or depression(β=15.033)and occasional anxiety or depression(β=10.947)were protective factors for rural elderly people's self-rated health(all P<0.05).Being 70-<80 years of age(β=-2.322),being≥80 years of age(β=-4.251),and having a low-income level(β=-8.128)were risk factors for self-rated health among rural elderly people(all P<0.05).Conclusions Social support is significantly related to the self-evaluation of the health status of rural elderly people.It is essential to promote the construction of a healthy countryside comprehensively,strengthen social support for rural elderly people,strengthen the care for low-income and elderly indiv

关 键 词：农村老年人 社会支持 自评健康 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]