南京市某区大气PM_(2.5)中重金属的污染特征及健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals inatmospheric environment PM_(2.5)in a district of Nanjing

作　　者：韦丽[1] 张艺 孙凤霞 龚兴 许长娣[2] 熊丽林[1] WEI Li;ZHANG Yi;SUN Fengxia;GONG Xing;XU Changdi;XIONG Lilin(Department of Environmental Health,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210003,China;Department of Respiratory,Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,江苏南京210003 [2]南京医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第4期515-520,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：南京市卫生科技发展项目(ZKX20046,YKK23193)。

摘　　要：目的了解2017―2022年南京市某区大气中细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))及其重金属成分的污染变化趋势,评估其对人群健康的风险。方法于2017—2022年每月10―16日开展PM_(2.5)采样,采用称重法和电感耦合离子质谱法测定PM_(2.5)质量浓度及重金属含量,通过健康风险评价模型评价重金属成分的呼吸暴露风险。结果2017—2022年南京市某区PM_(2.5)浓度范围为10~211μg/m^(3),中位数为46.50μg/m^(3),PM_(2.5)504天有102天超过24 h平均浓度限值,除Cr外,不同季节污染物的浓度差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。Mn、As的非致癌风险指数(HQ)>1,具有慢性非致癌风险,对于致癌效应,Cr、As的致癌风险均高于可接受水平(1.0×10^(-6)),其中Cr有3.97%的致癌风险超过1.0×10^(-4),Cd、Ni和Pb分别有65.08%、12.30%和4.56%的致癌风险超过1.0×10^(-6)。结论2017―2022年南京市某区PM_(2.5)中Mn、As存在非致癌风险,Cr、As致癌风险较高,Cd、Ni、Pb可能会引起恶性肿瘤,应继续做好污染治理及人群防护。Objective To understand the pollution trends of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and its heavy metal components in the atmosphere of a district in Nanjing from 2017 to 2022,and to evaluate their risks to population health.Methods The PM_(2.5)samples were collected from 10th to 16th of each month from 2017 to 2022.The mass concentration and heavy metals content of PM_(2.5)were determined by weighing method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,and the respiratory exposure risk of heavy metals components were assessed by health risk assessment model.Results The concentrations range of PM_(2.5)in a certain district of Nanjing from 2017 to 2022 was 10-211μg/m^(3),with a median of 46.50μg/m^(3).PM_(2.5)exceeded the 24-hour average concentration limit for 102 out of 504 days.Except for Cr,there were statistically significant differences in the concentration of pollutants in different seasons(all P<0.01).The non-carcinogenic risk index(HQ)of Mn and As was greater than 1,indicating chronic non carcinogenic risk.For carcinogenic risk,the carcinogenic risk of Cr and As were both higher than the acceptable level of 1.0×10^(-6).Among them,Cr had a 3.97%carcinogenic risk exceeding 1.0×10^(-4),while Cd,Ni,and Pb had 65.08%,12.30%,and 4.56%carcinogenic risks exceeding 1.0×10^(-6),respectively.Conclusion From 2017 to 2022,Mn and As in PM_(2.5)in a certain district of Nanjing City have non-carcinogenic risks,while Cr and As have higher carcinogenic risks.Cd,Ni,and Pb may cause malignant tumors,and pollution control and population protection should continue to be carried out.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 重金属 污染特征 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]