甘肃黑河流域生态网络构建与优化  

Construction and optimization of ecological network of the Heihe River Basin(Gansu section)

作　　者：许澳康 吉天琪 石晶 Xu Aokang;Ji Tianqi;Shi Jing(State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Earth and Environmental Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学地质学系大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [2]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第2期61-70,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771130)。

摘　　要：生态网络识别与优化是保障区域生态安全格局、开展国土空间生态保护修复的重要研究手段。对于生态脆弱的内陆河流域而言,生态网络优化对保障区域生态安全和促进生态系统良性循环具有重要意义。本研究基于生态系统服务和电路理论构建了黑河流域甘肃段的生态网络,并对区域的现存问题以及保护重点提出相应的策略。结果表明:(1)识别出重要生态源地10个,面积为17649.16 km^(2),占源地总面积的90.11%,主要分布在南部祁连山区和中下游绿洲区。识别出一般生态源地51个,面积为1936.83 km^(2),占源地总面积的9.89%,主要分布在重要源地辐射的草地区域;(2)提取出一级生态廊道27条,总长度为204.86 km,主要分布在流域山地-绿洲过渡地带。提取出二级生态廊道105条,总长度为1260.68 km,是区域生态网络骨架的主要组成。分别识别出生态夹点和障碍点103、31个,总面积分别为28.48、87.39 km^(2),主要分布在祁连山西段以及沙化严重的荒漠区;(3)流域的低供给-高需求区域占流域总面积8.2%,主要分布在荒漠-绿洲过渡带,对其保护和优化能够一定程度上减小生态网络的退化风险。Ecological network identification and optimization is an important research method to ensure regional ecological security pattern and carry out territorial ecological protection and restoration.Especially for the ecologically fragile inland river basin,the optimization of ecological network is of great significance to ensure regional ecological security and promote the virtuous cycle of ecosystem.Based on the ecosystem services and circuits theory,this study constructs the ecological network of Gansu section of Heihe River Basin,and puts forward the corresponding strategies for the existing problems and protection of the region.The results indicate that:(1)10important ecological source areas were identified with an area of 17649.16 km^(2),accounting for 90.11%of the total area of the source area,mainly distributed in the southern Qilian Mountain area and the middle and lower reaches of the oasis area.51 common ecological sources were identified,with an area of 1936.83 km^(2),accounting for 9.89%of the total area of the source,mainly distributed in the radiating grassland area of the important source.(2)Twenty-seven first-level ecological corridors were extracted,with a total length of 204.86 km,mainly distributed in the transition zone between mountain and oasis in the basin.There are 105 secondary ecological corridors with a total length of 1260.68 km,which are the main components of the framework of regional ecological network.103 and 31 ecological pinch points and barriers were identified by consensus,with a total area of 28.48 km^(2)and 87.39 km^(2),respectively,mainly distributed in the western Qilian Mountains and the desert area with serious desertification.(3)The low supply and high demand of the basin account for 8.2%of the total area of the basin,which is mainly distributed in the desert oasis transition zone,and its protection and optimization can reduce the degradation risk of the ecological network to a certain extent.

关 键 词：生态网络 电路理论 生态系统服务 黑河流域 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]