呼伦贝尔沙化草地不同放牧潜力阶段群落特征  

Characteristics of communities at different grazing potential in Hulun Buir sandy grassland

作　　者：王百竹 白建华 萨拉 王丹雨 杨晓晖[1] 朱媛君 时忠杰[1] Wang Baizhu;Bai Jianhua;Sa La;Wang Danyu;Yang Xiaohui;Zhu Yuanjun;Shi Zhongjie(Institution of Desertification Studies/Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Hulunbuir Forestry and Grassland Development Center,Hulunbuir 021000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所/生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091 [2]呼伦贝尔市林业和草原事业发展中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第2期205-216,共12页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32061123005,32201628,41971061);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2023MA018)。

摘　　要：草原是全球陆地生态系统中分布最广的植被类型,是畜牧业生产的关键基地。近年来呼伦贝尔草原面临着日益严峻的沙化问题,威胁着草原生态系统的可持续发展。以呼伦贝尔沙化草地为研究区,分析了不同放牧潜力下物种组成、植物功能群以及群落结构的变化特征。结果表明:呼伦贝尔沙化草地在中放牧潜力阶段具有更多的物种数量,随着放牧潜力的降低,存在度(盖度)Ⅰ(0~10%)、Ⅱ(10%~20%)的物种数减少,存在度Ⅳ(40%~60%)、Ⅴ(60%~100%)的物种数增加,多年生禾草的数量显著降低,一、二年生草本和杂类草数量增加,地面芽植物的比例降低,适口性差的植物比例在低放牧潜力阶段达到最高。群落生产力特征中地上生物量在中放牧潜力阶段最低,高度、盖度、地下生物量均随着放牧潜力的降低而下降。随着草原放牧潜力的降低,呼伦贝尔沙化草地的群落特征呈下降的趋势,且优质牧草逐渐被适口性差的退化指示种替代。Grassland is one of the most widely distributed vegetation types in the global terrestrial ecosystem and is a key base for livestock production. In recent years, Hulun Buir grassland has been facing an increasingly severe sanding problem, threatening the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems. Taking Hulun Buir sandy grassland as the study area, we analysed the changing characteristics of species composition, plant functional groups and community structure under different grazing potentials. The results showed that the sandy grassland in Hulun Buir had more species in the moderate grazing potential stage. As the grazing potential decreased, the number of species in degrees of presence Ⅰ and Ⅱ decreased, the number of species in degrees of presence Ⅳ and Ⅴ increased, the number of perennial grasses decreased significantly, the number of annual, biennia plants and perennial forbs increased, the proportion of hemicryptophytes decreased, and the proportion of poorly palatable plants reached its highest in the low grazing potential stage;the above-ground biomass of the community structural characteristics was the lowest in the moderate grazing potential stage, and the height, cover, and below-ground biomass all declined with the reduction of the grazing potential. In summary, with the reduction of steppe grazing potential, the species composition as well as community characteristics of hulun Buir sandy grassland showed a decreasing trend, and high-quality forage grasses were gradually replaced by degraded indicator species with poor palatability.

关 键 词：呼伦贝尔沙化草地 草原放牧潜力 群落特征 物种组成 植被类型 

分 类 号：S283[农业科学—农业水土工程]