山脚基带调查低估了青藏高原山地物种丰富度:以珠峰绒布河流域山体垂直带为例  

Underestimation of mountain species richness on the Qingzang Plateau when using base zone surveys:a case study of mountain vertical vegetation spectrum in the Rongbu River watershed of Mount Qomolangma

作　　者：李博文[1] 周阳[1] 吕静雅 阿旺 陈兰英 刘世章 伍晶 吕汪汪 孙建平 贾跃凤 赵矿 汪诗平[1] LI Bo-Wen;ZHOU Yang;LÜJing-Ya;A Wang;CHEN Lan-Ying;LIU Shi-Zhang;WU Jing;LÜWang-Wang;SUN Jian-Ping;JIA Yue-Feng;ZHAO Kuang;WANG Shi-Ping(State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China;Xizang Low-carbon Grassland and Animal Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd.,Lhasa 850030,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;and 5Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Xizang Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室,北京100101 [2]西藏大学生态环境学院,拉萨850000 [3]西藏低碳草牧科技有限公司,拉萨850030 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]西藏自治区生态环境监测中心,拉萨850000

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2025年第3期404-414,共11页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：西藏自治区生态坏境厅项目;国家自然科学基金(32201358);拉萨市科学技术局项目(QYXTCX-LS2022-04和2023000097)。

摘　　要：山体物种丰富度及其海拔格局研究是生态学研究的重点内容。以往研究较多关注某个独立山体的物种丰富度,而对区域尺度内物种丰富度海拔格局的研究多是基于公路沿线或山脚监测的结果,忽略了山体垂直带物种丰富度的变化。该研究在珠穆朗玛峰绒布河流域选取河流两岸基带海拔分布范围为3785-5155 m的8个山体,结合样线法和样方法调查了8个山体垂直带的物种丰富度。研究表明:(1)共记录了81种植物物种,其中垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、西藏早熟禾(Poa tibetica)、藓状雪灵芝(Arenaria bryophylla)和笔直黄耆(Astragalus strictus)等在整个流域的8个山体上均有记录;(2)流域尺度上,单位面积(1 m^(2))物种丰富度随海拔的变化呈单峰曲线分布。而在各独立山体上,单位面积物种丰富度沿海拔梯度的分布模式不尽相同,既有U形分布、正相关,也有无显著关系的模式;(3)整体上,山体下部区域的累计物种丰富度要低于山体中上部的累计物种丰富度,山体阴坡的单位面积物种丰富度要高于山体阳坡。该研究揭示了山体山脚基带的物种丰富度和整个山体的物种丰富度相差很大,仅在公路沿线或山脚基带处的植物调查会低估整个山体13.5%-54.8%的物种丰富度。因此,需要开展更多青藏高原山地生态系统物种丰富度在山体空间尺度上分布格局及其关键影响因素和机制的研究。Aims Species richness patterns along altitudinal gradients in mountain ecosystems have been a central theme in ecological research.While past studies often investigated species richness on individual mountains,regional-scale analyses have typically relied on samples collected along roadsides or foothills,potentially neglecting the crucial aspect of vertical zonation in mountain biodiversity.Methods Eight mountains along the Rongbu River with varying base altitudes(ranging from 3785 m to 5155 m)were selected for the study.Employing transect and quadrat methods,species richness was comprehensively surveyed across the vertical zones of these mountains.Important findings(1)A total of 81 plant species were recorded in this survey,including species such as Elymus nutans,Poa tibetica,Arenaria bryophylla,and Astragalus strictus,all of which were documented across all eight mountains in the basin.(2)On a watershed scale,species richness per unit area(1 m^(2))followed a unimodal curve with respect to altitude.However,on individual mountain ranges,the distribution patterns of species richness per unit area along the altitude gradient varied,showing U-shaped distributions,positive correlations,or no significant relationships.(3)Overall,the cumulative species richness in the lower parts of the mountains was lower than in the middle and upper parts.Additionally,the species richness per unit area was higher on the shady slopes of the mountains compared to the sunny slopes.This study revealed a significant disparity between species richness in the base zone of the mountains and the overall species richness of the entire mountain.This finding indicates that plant surveys conducted solely along roadsides or at the mountain base significantly underestimate the species richness of the entire mountain by 13.5%to 54.8%.Therefore,it is imperative to pay particular attention to the distribution patterns of species richness across mountain spatial scales and their key influencing factors in mountain ecosystems,especially on the Qingzang

关 键 词：绒布河流域 山体物种丰富度 植被垂直带谱 空间格局 珠穆朗玛峰 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]