小尺度轴对称飞行器内外流阻力特性研究  

Study on Internal and External Resistance Characteristics of Small Scale Aixsymmetric Aircraft

作　　者：孙博妮 高雄[1] 朱璞[1] 满延进[1] 李霞 Sun Boni;Gao Xiong;Zhu Pu;Man Yanjin;Li Xia(Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory,Beijing Power Machinery Institute,Beijing 100074,China)

机构地区：[1]北京动力机械研究所高超声速冲压发动机技术重点实验室,北京100074

出　　处：《气动研究与试验》2025年第2期9-18,共10页Aerodynamic Research & Experiment

摘　　要：以冲压发动机为动力装置的轴对称滑翔飞行器需经历低速、跨声速、超声速等多个飞行阶段。对于尺度较小的此类飞行器,通常长度不超过1m,直径不超过155mm,其内外流型面具有强耦合性。本文分别基于冯卡门曲线及指数曲线提出了两种内外流一体化气动构型,并且提出在发动机工作结束后通过关闭进气道的方式减小发动机内流阻力的减阻方法。研究发现,对于两种气动构型,发动机工作结束后关闭进气道均可有效减少飞行器全阻,在Ma 0.6~2.0的速度范围内,相较不关闭进气道的型面,气动构型Ⅰ关闭进气道后,减阻效果可达到4.7%~38.7%,气动构型Ⅱ在Ma 0.6~3.0的速度范围内,减阻效果可达到16.6%~49.9%。本文通过对小尺度轴对称飞行器内外流阻力特性的研究工作,支撑以冲压发动机为动力装置的轴对称飞行器实现减阻增程效果。The axisymmertric glide aircraft with ramjet engine device needs to go through several flight stages such as subsonic,transonic and supersonic.For such aircraft with smaller scale,the length is usually not more than 1m and the diameter does not exceed 155mm.This paper proposes two aerodynamic configurations for internal and external flow based on the Karman curve and index curve,and proposes a drag reduction method by reducing the internal flow through closing the inlet after the ramjet engine's working.Studies have found that for two kinds of configurations,closing the inlet after the ramjet engine's working can effectively reduce the drag.In the speed range of Ma 0.6~2.0,compared to retaining the inlet,configuration I can achieve a drag reduction effect of 4.7%~38.7%when the inlet is closed.And the configuration II can achieve a drag reduction effect of 16.6%~49.9%in the speed range of Ma 0.6~3.0.

关 键 词：冲压发动机 轴对称飞行器 内外流 一体化 阻力 

分 类 号：V211.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]