灌溉量对干旱区沙枣树泌胶及诱杀光肩星天牛能力的影响  

Effects of irrigation on the ability of Elaeagnus angustifolia to secrete gum,trap and kill Anoplophora glabripennis in arid areas

作　　者：郝柯宇 周权 李呈澄 齐若涵 田伊 裴佳禾 任利利[1] 骆有庆[1] HAO Ke-Yu;ZHOU Quan;LI Cheng-Cheng;QI Ruo-Han;TIAN Yi;PEI Jia-He;REN Li-Li;LUO You-Qing(Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2025年第1期53-64,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家林业和草原局揭榜挂帅项目(202401-10);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1401000);国家自然科学基金(32371886)。

摘　　要：【目的】沙枣Elaeagnus angustifolia是一种中国西北地区的常见树种,能够引诱光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis成虫补充营养和刻槽产卵,并通过在刻槽内泌胶抑制光肩星天牛卵孵化。本研究旨在探究不同灌溉策略下沙枣树势变化对诱杀光肩星天牛能力的影响,从而确定科学的灌溉制度,为推广合理配植沙枣以诱杀光肩星天牛提供理论基础。【方法】在试验地设置6种灌溉梯度,测定不同灌溉条件下(分别为25、50、100、150、200和400L/株)沙枣的10项生理指标,并统计沙枣上光肩星天牛当年刻槽数量、沙枣泌胶量和泌胶率,分析各生理指标和泌胶量的关系。【结果】(1)随着灌溉量的减少,沙枣的7项生理指标(叶面积指数、叶片大小、叶片鲜重、叶片含水率、叶绿素含量、木质部和树胶含水率)呈现出下降的趋势,2项指标(单位反应中心吸收的光能ABS/RC与单位反应中心捕获的光能TRO/RC)上升,1项指标(PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm值)先升高后降低;(2)随灌溉量减少,沙枣树势减弱,光肩星天牛当年刻槽数量先增加后减少,200 L/株时达到最多,沙枣的泌胶能力也呈现出下降趋势;(3)叶面积指数和泌胶量的拟合优度最高,R2值达到0.9232。【结论】沙枣树势影响诱杀光肩星天牛的能力,树势良好时诱杀的效果更好;叶面积指数为判断沙枣泌胶能力的最佳指标;在每40d进行一次灌溉的条件下,为了确保沙枣树能够维持其生理活性,有效地吸引并泌胶杀灭光肩星天牛,同时考虑到水资源的节约,每株沙枣树的灌溉量控制在150-200 L是最优选择。[Aim] Elaeagnus angustifolia is a common tree species in northwest China that is attractive to adult female of Anoplophora glabripennis as an oviposition site,but which prevents the hatching of the eggs of this pest by producing copious amounts of gum.To investigate the effects of different irrigation conditions on the vigor of E.angustifolia trees,and how this,in turn,affects their ability to lure and kill A.glabripennis.[Methods] Six different treatment areas with an irrigation gradient ranging from 25 to 400 L per plant,were established.Ten physiological indicators of tree vigor were measured and the number of fresh oviposition scars on individual trees in each treatment,and the amount,and rate,of gum secretion under different irrigation conditions,were measured and compared.The relationship between the physiological indicators and the amount of gum secreted was analyzed.[Results](1) Seven physiological indicators(leaf area index,leaf size,leaf fresh weight,leaf moisture content,SPAD,xylem and gum moisture content) decreased with reduced irrigation.Two indicators(fluorescence parameters ABS/RC and TRO/RC) increased,and one indicator(Fv/Fm) first increased,then decreased.(2) Trees were weakened by reduced irrigation.The number of fresh oviposition scars first increased,then decreased,reaching a maximum at an irrigation level of 200 L/plant.Gum secretion also declined at lower irrigation levels.(3) Leaf area index an d the amount of gum secreted had the highest goodness of fit(R2 value = 0.923 2).[Conclusion] The vigor of E.angustifolia affected both its attractiveness to A.glabripennis as an oviposition site,and its ability to secrete gum to kill the eggs and larvae of this pest.More vigorous trees were better able to produce gum to resist oviposition by A.glabripennis.Leaf area was the best indicator of gum secretion ability.We recommend an irrigation regime of 150-200 L per tree every 40 days to ensure that E.angustifolia can both attract adult A.glabripennis,and secrete sufficient gum to kill the eggs and la

关 键 词：沙枣 光肩星天牛 树势 灌溉控制 诱杀能力 

分 类 号：S763.42[农业科学—森林保护学]