作为举报治理的通知删除:避风港规则反思  

Notice-Takedown as Report-Governance Mechanism:Rethinking Safe Harbor Rules

作　　者：丁晓东[1] DING Xiaodong(Professor,Renmin University Law School,Vice Dean,Renmin Law and Technology Institute,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《法学论坛》2025年第2期42-54,共13页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“当代中国数字法学基本范畴体系研究”(23&ZD154)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以通知删除规则为核心的避风港制度存在挑战。其制度存在不同版本,其适用可能存在冲突,其各方权益保护存在紧张。这些挑战的根本原因在于典型的平台间接侵权具有大规模治理型侵权的特征,区别于传统的二对一共同侵权,也无法被分割为独立的个体性传统共同侵权。只有在平台特定参与个案的少数情形中,平台间接侵权才类似传统共同侵权。在典型的平台间接侵权中,通知删除规则具有举报治理的特征,即应将平台收到的通知视为举报,将其采取措施视为针对举报的治理机制。避风港制度应进行重构,无论是通知要求、平台接到通知后的反通知等措施,还是平台采取的通知删除、通知过滤等措施,不同版本的制度都无必然优劣,都应根据平台治理需求与特征而设计。法律也应给予平台以通知删除的自治性空间,当法律对平台规则进行规制时,其干预应使平台利益与社会利益对齐。The safe harbor institution,which centered on notice-takedown rules,faces challenges.There are different versions of the safe harbor institution,and there may be conflicts in its application,leading to tensions in the protection of the rights and interests of all parties involved.The fundamental reason for these challenges lies in the fact that typical platform indirect infringement has the characteristics of large-scale governance infringement,which is different from traditional two versus one joint infringement,and cannot be divided into independent traditional infringement.Only in a few cases where the platform is specifically involved,indirect infringement by the platform is similar to traditional joint infringement.In typical platform indirect infringement,the notification deletion rule has the characteristics of reporting governance,that is,the notifications received by the platform should be regarded as reports,and the measures taken by the platform should be regarded as governance mechanisms.The safe harbor system should be restructured,whether it is notification requirements,counter notification measures taken by platforms after receiving notifications,or measures taken by platforms such as notice-takedown or notice-staydown.Different versions of the system have no inherent advantages or disadvantages,and should be designed according to the governance needs and characteristics of the platform.Platform should have a certain degree of self-governance on safe harbor rules.When Law regulates platform rules,it should align platform interests with social interests.

关 键 词：避风港规则 通知—删除 共同侵权 平台治理 间接侵权 算法过滤 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]