青海省长江源区鱼类分布及多样性格局  

Fish diversity and distribution in the source region of the Yangtze River in Qinghai Province

作　　者：马文俊 刘思嘉[1,2] 李柯懋 简生龙 薛长安 韩庆祥 魏金良 陈生学 牛依萌 崔洲平 隋瑞臣 田菲 赵凯[1,2] Wenjun Ma;Sijia Liu;Kemao Li;Shenglong Jian;Chang’an Xue;Qingxiango Han;Jinliang Wei;Shengxue Chen;Yimeng Niu;Zhouping Cui;Ruichen Sui;Fei Tian;Kai Zhao(Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Plateau Aquatic Organisms and Ecological Environment in Qinghai Province,Qinghai Provincial Fishery Technology Extension Center,Xining 810012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室/高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青海省渔业技术推广中心青海省高原水生生物及生态环境重点实验室,西宁810012

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第2期58-70,共13页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：三江源国家公园联合专项(LHZX-2021-03);国家自然科学基金(32071489);中国科学院战略生物资源计划(CAS-TAX-24-069);中国生物多样性监测与研究网络内陆水体鱼类多样性监测网;青海省农业农村厅长江黄河澜沧江青海流域水生生物本底调查及资源量评估;青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室2023年度奖励资金;青海省“昆仑英才高端创新创业人才”项目。

摘　　要：长江源区位于青藏高原腹地,海拔普遍在4,500-6,000m之间,是全球最重要的水源涵养区之一。本研究针对青藏高原长江青海流域鱼类多样性进行了系统调查与分析,以了解该区域的鱼类资源现状及其面临的威胁。研究覆盖了长江源干流及长江主要支流,包括长江源的通天河、沱沱河、楚玛尔河和当曲,以及雅砻江源和大渡河源。2021-2022年共设置调查样点43个,记录到鱼类26种(亚种),隶属于2目3科12属。与历史调查相比,发现新分布鱼类7种,其中土著鱼类4种,外来鱼类3种。相对重要性指数分析显示,长江源区的优势种为软刺裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsismalacanthus)和小头高原鱼(Herzensteinia microcephalus)。α多样性指数显示通天河和大渡河的物种多样性较高,而雅砻江的物种均匀度较低。相似性系数和主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis,PCoA)揭示了大渡河源与长江源、雅砻江源之间的物种组成差异明显,反映了地理隔离对鱼类多样性的影响。环境因子同样影响鱼类物种分布,典型相关分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)结果表明水温和海拔对鱼类分布有影响。空间自相关分析确定了鱼类分布状态为随机且轻微聚集,分布热点分析发现通天河和大渡河支流存在鱼类分布热点。研究阐明了长江源区鱼类多样性的空间分布差异,并提示需要根据不同流域鱼类物种分布特征进行保护。Aims:The study aims to investigate the fish composition and diversity patterns in the source region of the Yangtze River,one of the most critical water conservation zones worldwide.Methods:Field surveys were conducted in the headwaters of the Yangtze River,including the Tuotuo,Chumaer,Dam Qu,Tongtian,and Dadu rivers in Qinghai Province from 2021 to 2022.Data on the presence and abundance of fish,as well as environmental factors,were collected during the surveys.Results:A total of 26 species(and subspecies)were recorded in the field surveys,belonging to 12 genera,3 families,and 2 orders.Analysis of the index of relative importance(IRI)revealed that Schizopygopsis malacanthus and Herzensteinia microcephalus were the dominant species.Seven species are newly recorded,including four native species and three non-native species.Alpha diversity indices showed higher species diversity in the Tongtian and Dadu rivers compared to other tributaries,while the Yalong River exhibited a more uneven species distribution.Similarity coefficient analysis and principal coordinates analysis(PCoA)indicated significant differences in species composition among tributaries,highlighting the influence of geographic isolation and ecological adaptation on fish diversity.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)revealed notable differences in fish community structures across different river systems,with water temperature and altitude identified as key determinant factors.Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that the fish distribution patterns were random,with a slight tendency towards clustering.The Getis-Ord Gi*analysis identified two hotspots in the Dadu and the Tongtian rivers.Conclusion:This study provides updated information on the fish composition in headwaters of the Yangtze River and enhances our understanding of spatial variations in fish diversity in the region.These findings lay the foundation for scientific management and conservation of native fish in the source region of the Yangtze River.

关 键 词：青海省 长江源区 鱼类多样性 鱼类物种组成 空间分布 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]