如何构建以国家植物园为核心的区域植物迁地保护体系:广东的探索  

Establishing a regional plant ex situ conservation system centered around the national botanical garden:A detailed exploration from Guangdong Province

作　　者：谭向平 梁晓东[2] 罗世孝[1] 魏丹[3] 阳敏[4] 刘国锋 瞿超 王洪峰[3] 胡喻华 江军 曾佑派 王俊[1] 严岳鸿 王瑞江[1] 曹洪麟[1] 廖景平[1] Xiangping Tan;Xiaodong Liang;Shixiao Luo;Dan Wei;Min Yang;Guofeng Liu;Chao Qu;Hongfeng Wang;Yuhua Hu;Jun Jiang;Youpai Zeng;Jun Wang;Yuehong Yan;Ruijiang Wang;Honglin Cao;Jingping Liao(Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;Department of Wildlife Protection,Guangdong Forestry Bureau,Guangzhou 510173,China;Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China;Guangzhou Urban Planning&Design Survey Research Institute,Guangzhou 510060,China;Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Guangzhou 510030,China;Guangdong Forestry Survey and Planning Institute,Guangzhou 510520,China;The Orchid Conservation&Research Center of Shenzhen,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518114,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园华南植物迁地保护与利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室,广州510650 [2]广东省林业局野生动植物保护处,广州510173 [3]广东省林业科学研究院,广州510520 [4]广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院,广州510060 [5]广州市林业和园林科学研究院,广州510030 [6]广东省林业调查规划院,广州510520 [7]深圳市兰科植物保护研究中心,广东深圳518114

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第2期143-151,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2022B1111230001)。

摘　　要：在我国国家植物园体系建设全面推进背景下,广东省林业局编制出台《广东省植物迁地保护体系规划(2024–2035年)》,旨在构建“以国家植物园为核心、区域植物园为骨干、乡土植物园为站点”的广东省植物迁地保护体系,提升广东省植物多样性保护水平。针对当前生物多样性保护的新形势和新问题,加强珠三角城市群和粤东、粤西、粤北地区迁地保护机构协同发展的整体布局,构建严谨的晋升、退出与总结性评估机制,对区域和乡土植物园实施动态监管,采取“同源谱系-异地栽培保存”及近地保护的综合保护策略,从而全面提升全省重要受威胁植物的迁地保护成效和植物多样性保护水平;重点加强迁地保护机构、智慧管理平台、科研平台、人才队伍等建设,打造智慧高效的迁地保护体系、创新驱动的科学研究体系、多元发展的绿色产业体系、学科融合的人才培养体系和区域特色的自然教育体系,推动植物保护研究、可持续利用、人才培养、科普教育和园林园艺的综合发展。预计到2035年,广东省将形成植物保护和开发利用结合发展的新格局,实现迁地保护广东省分布80%以上的重点保护野生植物、70%以上的珍稀濒危野生植物,整体保护水平位居全国前列,为新时期区域生物多样性保护高质量发展提供理论支撑和实践借鉴。Background&Aims:Guangdong Province,located at the southern tip of China’s mainland,is one of the most representative areas of subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests in China.Its complex and diverse ecosystem harbors approximately 6,658 native wild higher plant species.However,rapid economic development and high population density pose significant challenges to plant diversity protection.In response,the Guangdong Forestry Bureau has formulated the Planning of Plant Ex situ Conservation System in Guangdong Province(2024-2035)to advance research in plant conservation,promote the exploration and application of plant resources,and support sustainable economic and social development.Results:The plan confronts current existing challenges and deficiencies by enhancing coordination among ex situ conservation institutions in the Pearl River Delta city cluster and in the eastern,western,and northern regions of Guangdong.(1)It establishes a three-level conservation framework comprising national,regional,and native botanical gardens,with the national botanical garden as the central core,supported by regional and native sites.(2)The plan also introduces a structured system for promoting,withdrawing,and assessment to enable dynamic supervision of regional and native botanical gardens.(3)To optimized ex situ conservation outcomes,the plan recommends a comprehensive strategy involving“Homologous Lineage-Transplantation and Ex situ Conservation”and“Near situ Conservation”to preserve critically threatened plants in different regions of Guangdong.(4)The plan also emphasized the development of conservation institutions,advanced management platforms,research facilities,and skilled teams.Together,these initiatives aim to create a dynamic,effective ex situ conservation network,an innovation-driven research system,a diversified green industry,an interdisciplinary talent training system,and a region-specific natural education program.This comprehensive development will enhance the institutional capacity of ex situ conservation

关 键 词：空间布局 区域植物园 乡土植物园 建设任务 发展目标 

分 类 号：S68[农业科学—观赏园艺]