表皮碳氢化合物在社会性昆虫中的功能多样性及其调控  

Functional diversity and regulation of cuticular hydrocarbons in social insects

作　　者：刘志祥 谢华 张慧[1,3] 黄晓磊[1] Zhixiang Liu;Hua Xie;Hui Zhang;Xiaolei Huang(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学,农林生物安全全国重点实验室,福州350002 [2]西南林业大学林学院,昆明650224 [3]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所,福州350013

出　　处：《生物多样性》2025年第2期193-207,共15页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：福建农林大学科技创新专项基金(KFB23016);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY100500)。

摘　　要：表皮碳氢化合物(cuticular hydrocarbons,CHCs)是一类广泛分布于昆虫表皮的烃类混合物,具有防水、抵抗有害物质入侵和化学通讯等功能,为昆虫适应陆地的多种生活方式作出巨大贡献。相较于独(寡)居昆虫,社会性昆虫CHCs的组成和功能多样性将有益于探究社会性昆虫所特有的遗传结构、群体组成和行为模式。因此,本文对社会性昆虫CHCs的结构、性质及功能进行了总结,并对影响其组成多样化的内源和外源因子进行了讨论,同时对未来的研究方向进行了展望。社会性昆虫的CHCs能介导同巢个体识别、级型分化、社会分工、群体免疫、生殖状态识别及种间互作,甚至部分CHCs已经进化为功能高度专一的蜂王(蚁后)信息素。社会性昆虫可能需要较高的CHCs组分多样性以适应其功能分化,而多种内源(基因和激素水平)及外源因素(食物、肠道微生物、病原生物、温湿度、紫外辐射及巢穴材料等)均能影响CHCs的组成。未来,借助定量遗传框架、免疫组化定位、荧光原位杂交等多种新兴技术,对社会性昆虫及其他昆虫类群CHCs合成、转运、释放、功能多样性及其调控机制进行研究,将有助于深入理解CHCs对昆虫适应性进化的重要贡献,并为开发基于CHCs的重大入侵和农林害虫的防控新技术提供理论参考。Background&Aims:Cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs),widely present in the insect epicuticle,provide significant contributions to many terrestrial insect adaptations.Insect CHCs function primarily in waterproofing,resisting harmful substances,and facilitating chemical communication.Compared to the compositional and functional diversity of CHCs in solitary or subsocial insects,the diversity of social insects offers a valuable source of insights into their unique genetic structure,population composition,and characteristic behavioral patterns.Progresses:This review characterizes the structures and properties of CHCs that enable particular functions,summarizes their functional diversity,and discusses the influence of both endogenous factors and external elements on the profile variability of CHCs in social insects.Furthermore,potential future research directions are proposed.The CHCs in social insects are regulated through nestmate recognition,caste differentiation,division of labor,social immunity,reproductive state recognition,and inter-specific interactions.Remarkably,some CHCs have been designated for queen pheromones.The CHC profiles of social insects can exhibit remarkable variability to meet the demands of functional differentiation.The synthesis,composition,and content of CHCs in social insects can be influenced by a wide range of internal factors(including gene and hormone levels)as well as extrinsic factors(including diet,gut microbiome,pathogenic organisms,temperature,humidity,ultraviolet radiation,nest materials,etc.).Prospects:Emerging technologies,such as the quantitative genetic framework,immunohistochemical localization,and fluorescent in situ hybridization,will enable new insights to be obtained into the synthesis,translocation,release,functional diversity,and regulation of CHCs,enhancing our understanding of their role in insect adaptive evolution.The research discussed in this review can provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel technologies to control invasive agroforestry pests.

关 键 词：社会性昆虫 表皮碳氢化合物 功能多样性 组分异质性 行为调控 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]