1957—2022年天津市某区尘肺病患者随访与回顾性调查  

Follow-up and retrospective investigation of patients with pneumoconiosis in a district of Tianjin from 1957 to 2022

作　　者：李医博 冯帅 赵政超 刘秀萍[2] LI Yibo;FENG Shuai;ZHAO Zhengchao;LIU Xiuping(Department of Occupational Radiation Disease Surveillance,Hebei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300150,China;Equipment and Materials Division,Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市河北区疾病预防控制中心职业性放射性疾病监测科,天津300150 [2]天津市疾病预防控制中心设备物资处,天津300011

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第5期582-585,590,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析天津市某区尘肺病发病特点、变化趋势和规律,了解尘肺病患者健康状况和保障情况,为制定辖区尘肺病患者保障政策提供依据。方法以截至2022年底天津市某区报告的1780例尘肺病患者为调查对象开展随访与回顾性调查,对尘肺病患者的发病年龄、工龄、性别、尘肺种类、行业分布及保障情况等进行描述分析。结果对1780例尘肺病患者不同发病期别和患者性别比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);不同年龄、接尘工龄和发病期别比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。所有尘肺病患者中,石棉肺和铸工尘肺患者人数居多,分别为1005例(6.46%)和614例(28.88%)。新发尘肺病例在“八五”和“十二五”时期达到2个峰值,分别为298例和341例。在1704例存活患者中,不同性别人群的年龄和工龄分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.442、45.884,均P<0.01);不同企业类型、企业规模和企业类别与享受工伤保险、用人单位赔付和享受基本医保情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论天津市某区尘肺病防治工作取得显著进展和成效,但防治形势依然严峻,后续在加强监管的基础上应进一步注重分级诊疗,加大社会保障措施,提高患者的生存质量。Objective To analyze the characteristics,trends and regularities of pneumoconiosis in a district of Tianjin,understand the health status and security status of patients with pneumoconiosis,so as to provide a basis for formulating the protection policy for pneumoconiosis patients in the district.Methods A follow-up and retrospective survey was conducted on 1780 pneumoconiosis patients reported in a district of Tianjin by the end of 2022,and a descriptive analysis was performed on the age at onset,dust exposure time,gender,types of pneumoconiosis,industry distribution,and social security coverage among pneumoconiosis patients.Results Totally 1780 patients were included in the present study.The differences in genders and stages of pneumoconiosis were statistically significant(all P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences in different age,dust exposure time,and stages of pneumoconiosis(all P<0.01).The number of patients with asbestosis and foundry pneumoconiosis was the largest,which were1005 cases(6.46%)and 614 cases(28.88%),respectively.The number of new pneumoconiosis cases reached two peaks in the"Eighth Five-Year Plan"and"Twelfth Five-Year Plan"periods,which were 298 cases and 341 cases,respectively.Among the1704 surviving patients,there were statistically significant differences in age distribution and working age distribution between sex groups(χ^(2)=18.442,45.884,both P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences in the benefits of work-related injury insurance,employer compensation,and basic medical insurance among different types,sizes,and categories of enterprises(all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in a district of Tianjin has made remarkable progress and results,but the prevention and control situation is still grim,so further attention should be paid to graded diagnosis and treatment on the basis of strengthening supervision,and the social security measures should be increased,to improve the quality of life of patients in the future.

关 键 词：尘肺病 随访调查 回顾性调查 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]