高海拔地区某多金属采矿建设项目职业病危害因素调查  

Investigation of occupational hazard factors of a polymetallic mining construction project in high altitude area

作　　者：易明 YI Ming(Institute of Occupational Health,Qinghai Coal Mine Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Xining,Qinghai 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海煤矿设计研究院有限责任公司职业卫生所,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第5期586-590,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的辨识多金属采矿建设项目工作场所存在的职业病危害因素,了解小金属矿山职业病危害现状,评价接触职业病危害因素作业人员的接触水平,提出可行的职业病危害控制措施及对策。方法2023年6月,青海煤矿设计研究院有限责任公司工作人员采用职业卫生调查法和职业卫生检测法,对青海省都兰县某多金属采矿建设项目作业场所职业病危害进行综合评价。结果井下工作面穿孔工穿孔作业过程中接触矽尘的时间加权平均浓度为2.60 mg/m3,接触噪声40 h等效声级强度为105.4 dB(A),接触的手传振动4 h频率计权振动加速度值为8.6 m/s2,均超过职业接触限值要求,其他岗位接触职业病危害因素浓(强)度符合职业接触限值的要求。结论金属矿山作业场所环境恶劣,易造成职业危害,尤其是穿孔工作业过程中接触职业病危害因素浓(强)度超标严重。在建设项目投产后,用人单位应采取改革工艺、优选设备、优化井下穿孔作业场所职业病防护设施等措施,以减轻生产过程中产生的职业病危害因素对劳动者健康的影响。同时,应在作业场所设置职业病危害及防护标识、为劳动者配备有效的个人防护用品、对劳动者进行职业卫生培训、采取定期作业场所监测、职业健康监护等行动,加强管理,预计建设项目正常运行期间可有效控制职业病危害、预防职业病,达到保护劳动者健康的目的。Objective To identify the occupational hazards existing in workplace in the polymetallic mining construction project,understand the current situation of occupational hazards in small metal mines,evaluate the exposure level of operators exposed to occupational hazards,and put forward feasible occupational hazard control measures and countermeasures.Methods In June2023,the staff of Qinghai Coal Mining Design and Research Institute Limited Liability Company(QCDRI)used the occupational health survey method and occupational health testing method to comprehensively evaluate the occupational hazards in the workplace of a polymetallic mining construction project in Dulan County of Qinghai Province.Results During the drilling operation of the driller in the underground working face,the time-weighted average concentration of silica dust exposure was 2.60mg/m~3,the 40 h equivalent sound level intensity of noise exposure was 105.4 dB(A),and the 4 h frequency weighted vibration acceleration value of the contacted hand-transmitted vibration was 8.6 m/s~2,which exceeded the requirements of the occupational exposure limit value.The concentration(intensity)of the other job exposure to occupational hazards factors met the requirements of the occupational exposure limit value.Conclusions The metal mine workplaces have a poor environment and are prone to occupational hazards,especially in the drilling work process where the concentration(strength)of exposure to occupational disease hazards seriously exceeds the standard.After the construction project is put into operation,the employer should take measures such as reforming the process,prioritizing equipment,and optimizing the occupational disease protection facilities for the drilling workplaces in the underground,in order to mitigate the impact of occupational disease hazards on workers'health generated during the production process.At the same time,it should set up occupational hazards and protection signs in the workplaces,equip workers with effective personal protective equipmen

关 键 词：多金属矿山 采矿 职业接触 职业病危害 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]