半定量风险评估接触指数法在某密闭除焦技术改造项目职业病危害预评价中的应用  

Application of semi-quantitative risk assessment contact index method in occupational hazard pre-evaluation of a closed coke removal technology renovation project

作　　者：胥凯 邱乐 杨龙 XU Kai;QIU Le;YANG Long(Department of Occupational Disease,Dushanzi People's Hospital,Karamay,Xinjiang 833699,China)

机构地区：[1]克拉玛依市独山子人民医院职业病科,新疆克拉玛依833699

出　　处：《职业与健康》2025年第5期591-595,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区卫生健康青年医学科技人才专项科研项目(WJWY-202306)。

摘　　要：目的通过对克拉玛依市某石化公司拟建延迟焦化密闭除焦技术改造项目生产工艺过程中职业病危害因素的识别,探讨半定量风险评估接触指数法在职业病危害预评价中的应用。方法2023年12月,以该企业拟建密闭除焦技术改造项目参照GBZ/T 298—2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》以及《高毒物品目录》等标准,建立半定量风险评估模型,结合GBZ/T 298—2017附录表F.1和表F.2化学有害因素毒性分别进行危害特征评估分级,采用接触指数法判定风险等级。结果延迟焦化除焦装置主要职业病危害因素检测结果显示,焦炭粉尘浓度范围为0.2~1.36 mg/m^(3),硫化氢浓度<0.53 mg/m^(3),溶剂汽油浓度范围为<0.6~17.2 mg/m^(3),各岗位噪声强度范围为76.0~83.1 dB(A);拟建项目在正常除焦过程中产生的焦炭粉尘、硫化氢、溶剂汽油、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、液化石油气以及尾气脱硫处理过程中使用的氢氧化钠可能造成的职业病危害均为低风险等级水平(风险指数R=2),除焦岗及除焦外操岗接触的硫化氢可能导致的职业病危害为中等风险(风险指数R=3)。结论半定量风险评估接触指数法可运用到缺少类比检测资料的职业病危害预评价中,能够较好地预测评估生产过程职业病危害风险水平,在石油化工行业密闭除焦预评价中进行实践应用,弥补了类比评价法的不足。Objective To explore the application of semi-quantitative risk assessment contact index method in the pre-assessment of occupational hazards by identifying the occupational hazard factors in the production process of the delayed closed decoking technology transformation project of a petrochemical company in Karamay City.Methods In December 2023,a semi-quantitative risk assessment model was established with reference to the Technical guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemical harmful factors in the workplace(GBZ/T 298-2017)and the Catalogue of highly toxic substances.Combined with the toxicity of chemical harmful factors in GBZ/T 298-2017 appendix Table F.1 and Table F.2,the hazard characteristics were evaluated and graded respectively,and the exposure index method was used to determine the risk level.Results The test results of the main occupational hazard factors of the existing delayed coking decoking equipment showed that the concentration of coke dust was 0.2-1.36 mg/m^(3),the concentration of hydrogen sulfide was<0.53 mg/m^(3),the concentration of solvent gasoline was<0.44-0.20 mg/m^(3),and the noise intensity of each position was 76.0-83.1 dB(A).The occupational hazards caused by coke dust,hydrogen sulfide,solvent gasoline,benzene,toluene,xylene,liquefied petroleum gas,and sodium hydroxide used in the process of exhaust gas desulfurization in the proposed project were all at low risk level(risk index R=2).The risk of occupational hazards caused by hydrogen sulfide exposed to non-coke and non-coke operation is moderate(risk index R=3).Conclusion The semi-quantitative risk assessment contact index method can be used in the pre-assessment of occupational hazards in the absence of analog detection data,and can better predict and assess the occupational hazards risk level in the production process,so it has been applied in the closed de-coking pre-assessment in the petrochemical industry,making up for the shortcomings of the analogue assessment method.

关 键 词：密闭除焦 预评价 半定量 风险评估 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]