苹果和梨的品种对苹果蠹蛾产卵选择和生长发育的影响  

Effects of apple and pear cultivars on the oviposition preference and growth and development of Cydia pomonella

作　　者：曲昱璇 申宗蕊 张童 杨念婉[2,3] 张桂芬 刘万学[2] 万方浩[1,4] 周洪旭 Qu Yuxuan;Shen Zongrui;Zhang Tong;Yang Nianwan;Zhang Guifen;Liu Wanxue;Wan Fanghao;Zhou Hongxu(College of Botanical Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University/China-Australia Cooperative Research Center for Crop Health and Biological Invasions,Qingdao Shandong 266109,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Western research institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji Xinjiang 831100,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen Guangdong 518120,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学植物医学学院/中澳作物健康与人侵生物国家科技合作基地,山东青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [3]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100 [4]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,广东深圳518120

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2025年第3期94-99,110,共7页China Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研究计划(2021YFD1400200)。

摘　　要：为明确我国黄土高原、渤海湾地区种植的不同品种的苹果、梨对苹果蠹蛾产卵选择和生长发育的影响,以多个品种的果实为材料,测定苹果蠹蛾成虫的产卵选择性以及幼虫取食不同品种果实后的生物学参数。在9个参试苹果品种中,花牛上的落卵量最多,该品种对应的平均蛀果率(89.8%)、雌成虫寿命(18.4d)、雌蛹重(0.038g)、蛹获得率(22.92%)、雌成虫产卵量(141.3粒/雌)等指标均较高,表现出适合苹果蠹蛾生存的特性,而青研红、红露、明月则不适于苹果蠹蛾生存。在10个参试梨品种中,秋月梨、酥梨上的落卵量最多,秋月梨对应的平均蛀果率(75.2%)显著高于雪梨、酥梨和啤梨。经综合分析得出,在参试品种中,苹果蠹蛾在青研红苹果、红露苹果、明月苹果、库尔勒香梨、京白梨、南果梨和玉露香梨上适应性弱,在蜜脆苹果、金世纪苹果、瑞阳苹果、昭锦108苹果、酥梨、水晶梨、皇冠梨、雪梨、啤梨上适应性较弱,在花牛苹果、瑞雪苹果、秋月梨上适应性强,可为田间利用抗虫品种防控苹果蠹蛾提供参考。The objective of this study was to clarify the impact of different apple and pear cultivars grown in the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions of China on the oviposition preference and growth and development of Cydia pomonella.To this end,fruits from multiple cultivars were used as experimental materials to assess the oviposition preference of C.pomonella adults and the biological parameters of larvae feeding on different cultivars.Among the nine tested apple cultivars,the highest number of eggs was observed on‘Huaniu'apple,which also exhibited relatively high values for key indicators,including the average fruit infestation rate(89.8%),female adult longevity(18.4 days),female pupal weight(0.038 g),pupation rate(22.92%),and female fecundity(141.3 eggs per female).These results suggested that‘Huaniu'apple was particularly conducive to the survivale of C.pomonella.In contrast,‘Qingyanhong',‘Honglu',and‘Mingyue'apples were found to be unsuitable for the survival of C.pomonella.Among the ten tested pear cultivars,the highest number of eggs was observed on‘Akizuki'pear and‘Su'pear,with‘Akizuki'pear exhibiting a significantly higher average fruit infestation rate(75.2%)than‘Xue'pear,‘Su'pear,and‘Pi'pear.A comprehensive analysis revealed that C.pomonella exhibited weak adaptability to‘Qingyanhong'apple,‘Honglu'apple,‘Mingyue'apple,‘Korla Fragrant'pear,‘Jingbai'pear,‘Nanguo'pear,and‘Yuluxiang'pear.The pest also demonstrated relatively weak adaptability to‘Honey crisp'apple,‘Jinshiji'apple,‘Ruiyang'apple,‘Zhaojin 108'apple,‘Su'pear,‘Crystal'pear,‘Crown'pear,‘Xue'pear,and‘Pi'pear;and strong adaptability to‘Huanui'apple,‘Ruixue'apple,and‘Akizuki'pear.These findings provide a reference for the field application of insect-resistant cultivars in the management of C.pomonella.

关 键 词：苹果囊蛾 产卵选择 生长发育 品种 苹果 梨 

分 类 号：S41-30[农业科学—植物保护] S436.611.29