基于智能读数系统迈克尔逊干涉仪测量液体在不同温度下的折射率  

The Measurement of Liquid Refractive Index at Different Temperatures Using a Michelson Interferometer Based on an Intelligent Reading System

作　　者：全楚烨 吴明浩 苏航 金明怡 唐谊 QUAN Chuye;WU Minghao;SU Hang;JIN Mingyi;TANG Yi(Tongda College,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Yangzhou City 225127,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学通达学院,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2025年第2期73-79,共7页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：江苏高校“青蓝工程”资助。

摘　　要：通过测量溶液在不同温度下的折射率变化,可以深入理解溶液的光学特性与温度之间的关系。迈克尔逊干涉仪作为一种精密的光学测量工具,常用于折射率的测定。然而,传统的迈克尔逊干涉仪依赖人工读数,存在主观性强、准确性低的问题。本研究设计并构建了一个智能读数的迈克尔逊干涉仪系统,用于测量蒸馏水和6%氯化钠溶液在不同温度下的折射率。实验中,将待测液体置于迈克尔逊干涉仪的一个光路中,另一个光路作为参考。通过在溶液中放置加热棒和温度传感器,加热溶液至目标温度,并通过干涉条纹的变化计算液体的折射率。此外,本研究利用基于OpenCV的图像处理技术开发了程序,使计算机能够自动识别图像,并根据已知的折射率基准和折射率与温度的关系式,自动计算各温度下的折射率,并生成相应的图表以直观展示数据。实验结果验证了该系统的有效性,表明其在精确测量溶液折射率方面具有潜在的应用价值。By measuring the refractive index of a solution at various temperatures,the relationship between its optical properties and temperature can be better understood.The Michelson interferometer,a precision optical measurement tool,is widely used to measure refractive index.However,traditional Michelson interferometers require manual reading,which introduces subjectivity and reduces accuracy.In this study,we designed and built a Michelson interferometer system with intelligent reading capabilities to measure the refractive index of distilled water and a6%sodium chloride solution at different temperatures.During the experiment,the liquid to be measured is placed in one optical path of the interferometer,while the other path serves as a reference.A heating rod and temperature sensor are placed in the solution to heat it to the target temperature.The refractive index is then calculated based on the changes in the interference fringes.Additionally,this study utilizes OpenCV-based image processing technology to develop a program that allows the computer to automatically detect the image and calculate the refractive index at each temperature.This is done using a known reference for refractive index and its relationship with temperature,and the corresponding data is presented in graphical form for visual clarity.The experimental results demonstrate the system's effectiveness and highlight its potential for accurate refractive index measurement in solutions.

关 键 词：迈克尔逊干涉仪 温度 液体折射率 智能读数系统。 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]