生菜对两种锌矿物源重金属污染土壤中镉锌的吸收性  

Cadmium and zinc uptake by lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)from soil contaminated by two kinds of zinc minerals

作　　者：潘霞 曹心妍 刘娟[2] 李欣阳 吴龙华[2] 倪才英[3] PAN Xia;CAO Xinyan;LIU Juan;LI Xinyang;WU Longhua;NI Caiying(College of Optoelectronic Manufacturing,Zhejiang Industry&Trade Vocational College,Wenzhou 325003,Zhejiang,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;School of Geography and Environment,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工贸职业技术学院光电制造学院,浙江温州325003 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京211135 [3]江西师范大学地理与环境学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第4期1226-1235,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：2023年度高校国内访问学者“教师专业发展项目”(FX2023141);国家自然科学基金项目(U2002210)资助。

摘　　要：受金属矿采选冶等人为活动影响,锌矿区及周边土壤重金属污染严重,农作物重金属超标风险高。与非矿区重金属污染土壤相比,矿区及周边土壤重金属多以矿物颗粒态形式存在,作为污染源释放出离子态与颗粒态金属,二者潜在生物有效性不同。以典型硫化物矿物闪锌矿(SP)和含氧盐型矿物菱锌矿(SM)为供试材料,通过土培试验探究不同锌矿物来源镉锌对生菜生长、土壤镉锌有效性及生菜镉锌吸收性的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,添加0.1%和1.0%的SM均显著抑制了生菜生长(P<0.05),当添加量为1.0%时,生菜鲜重降低了81.2%;而SP处理对生菜的影响不显著(P>0.05);(2)随着添加量的增加,SM处理土壤CaCl_(2)和EDTA提取态镉锌浓度显著升高,而SP则差异不显著,SM处理土壤CaCl_(2)和EDTA提取态镉锌含量及锌镉摩尔比显著高于SP处理;(3)SP处理组生菜地上部镉锌的吸收量随着矿石添加量的增加而增加,而SM处理则降低,SM处理组生菜地上部镉锌的吸收量显著高于SP处理;(4)透射电镜-能谱(TEM-EDS)观察结果显示,SM和SP处理的生菜地上部存在含Cd和Zn的纳米颗粒,但其形成机制有待进一步探究。研究结果可为不同铅锌矿区土壤作物重金属吸收风险的评判提供新思路。The exploitation of zinc mines has led to a continuous influx of metals into soils through mining and smelting,resulting in the risks of excessive metal concentration in crops.Compared with that in non-mining areas,metals in soils around mines mainly exist in particulate form,releasing metal ions and metal-bearing nanoparticles with different bioavailability.With a pot experiment,we investigated the effects of Zn-mineral-derived cadmium(Cd)and Zn from typical zinc(Zn)-sulphide mineral(sphalerite,SP)and-oxy-salt mineral(smithsonite,SM)on the growth of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),the available content of Cd and Zn in soil,and Cd and Zn uptake by lettuce.The results showed that:(1)The addition of 0.1% and 1.0%SM significantly inhibited lettuce growth(P<0.05),with a reduction of 81.2% in fresh weight under the latter addition,whereas SP addition had no significant effect on lettuce growth(P>0.05).(2)CaCl_(2)-and EDTA-extractable Cd and Zn in the soil significantly increased with SM addition but showed no response to SP addition.SM-spiked soils had significantly higher CaCl_(2)-and EDTA-extractable Cd and Zn concentrations and higher Zn/Cd molar fractions than those in SP-spike soils.(3)The total amount of Cd and Zn in the lettuce shoot increased and decreased with a higher addition amount of Zn mineral in SP-and SM-treatment,respectively.The total amount of Cd and Zn in the lettuce shoot of the SM treatment was significantly higher than that of the SP treatment.(4)The results of transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(TEM-EDS)showed that Cd-and Zn-bearing nanoparticles occurred in lettuce shoots under both Zn mineral-spiked treatments.The mechanism underlying the formation of these nanoparticles needs to be considered in further work.This study provides a new perspective for assessing the risk of heavy metal uptake in soil and crops from different lead-zinc mining areas.

关 键 词：闪锌矿 菱锌矿 生菜 颗粒态金属 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]