耕作方式对华北潮土区土壤团聚体线虫群落的影响  

Effects of tillage methods on soil aggregate nematode community in fluvo-aquic soil area of North China

作　　者：胡如男 沈晓琳 王肃 樊平 谭炳昌 张贵龙 王丽丽 HU Runan;SHEN Xiaolin;WANG Su;FAN Ping;TAN Bingchang;ZHANG Guilong;WANG Lili(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;Binzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Centre,Binzhou 256601,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]滨州市农业技术推广中心,山东滨州256601

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第4期1245-1252,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2023-jbkyywf-wll)资助。

摘　　要：线虫是土壤中一类十分活跃的生物,在维持土壤生态系统的稳定性、促进物质循环和能量流动等方面发挥着重要的生态功能。目前,不同耕作方式下,华北平原潮土区土壤团聚体线虫群落的响应情况尚不清楚。本研究选取山东省齐河县典型潮土,设置旋耕+秸秆还田(RT)、深耕+秸秆还田(DP)、深松+秸秆还田(SS)和免耕+秸秆还田(NT)四种耕作处理,调查了耕作方式对潮土土壤团聚体线虫群落的影响。结果表明:深松和免耕处理能提高较大粒级团聚体(2~5 mm)中食细菌线虫数占土壤线虫总数的百分比,降低植物寄生线虫所占百分比;提高土壤线虫瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI),有利于食细菌线虫在土壤食物网中参与有机质和养分循环;提高了土壤线虫通路指数(NCR),大团聚体(>5 mm)中土壤有机质的分解途径以细菌为主;土壤有机碳、总氮含量以及土壤pH值是影响各处理土壤线虫总数和各营养类群线虫数量的主要环境因子。总体而言,本研究验证了深松和免耕利于形成稳定的土壤团聚体线虫群落结构,为华北平原潮土区耕作方式的选择提供了理论依据。Nematodes are a class of active organisms in soils,with important ecological functions in maintaining the stability of soil ecosystems and promoting material cycling and energy flow.At present,the response of nematode communities in soil aggregates in fluvo-aquic soils of the North China Plain under different tillage methods is not clear.In this study,we investigated the effects of tillage methods on nematode community in soil aggregates in a fluvo-aquic soil in Qihe County,Shandong Province.There were four treatments,including rotary tillage+straw return(RT),deep plowing+straw return(DP),deep loosening+straw return(SS)and no-tillage+straw return(NT).The results showed that deep loosening and no-tillage treatments increased the percentage of bacterial-feeding nematodes in small mega-aggregates(2-5 mm),and decreased that of plant-parasitic nematodes.Moreover,deep loosening and no-tillage treatments increased the Wasilewska index(WI),which was favorable for bacterialfeeding nematodes to participate in organic matter and nutrient cycling.Deep loosening and no-tillage treatments increased the soil nematode pathway index(NCR),and increased soil organic matter index in large mega-aggregates(>5 mm),within which the decomposition pathway of soil organic matter was dominated by bacteria.Soil organic carbon,total nitrogen content,and soil pH were the main environmental factors affecting the total number of soil nematodes and the number of each trophic group.Overall,deep loosening and no-tillage conditions favored the formation of stable nematode community structure in soil aggregates,which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of farming practices in the fluvo-aquic soils of the North China Plain.

关 键 词：土壤线虫 耕作方式 潮土 华北平原 土壤团聚体 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]