船舶压载水自清洁过滤器堵塞原因分析和解决方案  

Analysis and Solutions for Blockage of Ship Ballast Water Auto-backflush Filter

作　　者：郑德康 孔清 李超 卢晓伟 ZHENG Dekang;KONG Qing;LI Chao;LU Xiaowei(SunRui Marine Environment Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266101,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛双瑞海洋环境工程股份有限公司,山东青岛266101

出　　处：《船舶与海洋工程》2025年第2期13-17,共5页Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering

摘　　要：为有效解决自清洁过滤器堵塞问题,提升压载水系统运行的稳定性,对过滤器堵塞原因进行分析,并提出解决方案。分析认为:压载水水质过差是导致过滤器堵塞的主要原因,易堵塞水域的总悬浮固体质量浓度值往往是正常水域的几十倍,过滤器在此类水域堵塞之后难以自行恢复;过滤器的额定处理量是影响过滤器选型的重要参数,当过滤器的额定处理量小于压载泵的额定流量时,堵塞风险会增加;反冲洗压力是维持过滤器自清洁效果的关键因素,其值越大越有利于过滤器的自清洗;过滤器布置不合理和压载泵扬程过低都是导致过滤器堵塞的重要因素;维护保养不及时导致滤芯生锈、脏污,也会增加过滤器堵塞风险。通过采取操作优化、技术优化和规范优化等措施,可在一定程度上降低过滤器堵塞风险,提升压载水系统运行的稳定性。To effectively solve the problem of auto-backflush filter blockage and improve the stability of ballast water system operation,the causes are analyzed and solutions are proposed.Analysis suggests that poor quality of ballast water is the main cause of filter blockage.The total suspended solids concentration in water areas that are prone to blockage is often tens of times higher than that of normal water quality,making it difficult for filters to recover on their own after being blocked.The rated processing capacity of the filter is an important parameter for filter selection.When the rated processing capacity of the filter is less than the rated flow rate of the ballast pump,the risk of blockage will increase.The backwash pressure is a key factor in maintaining the self-cleaning effect of the filter,and the higher the pressure,the more beneficial for the self-cleaning of the filter.Unreasonable arrangement of filters and low head of ballast pumps are important factors leading to blockage.Failure to maintain and upkeep in a timely manner can lead to rusting and dirtiness of the filter element,and increase the risk of filter blockage.By taking measures such as operational,technical,and normative optimizations,the risk of filter blockage can be reduced to a certain extent,and the stability of the operation of the ballast water system can be improved.

关 键 词：船舶压载水 自清洁过滤器 堵塞 系统运行 

分 类 号：U667.2[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]