罗马帝国早期皇帝释奴的政治角色探析  

The Political Role of the Imperial Freedmen of the Early Roman Empire

作　　者：徐玮 Xu Wei

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学世界史系,上海200234

出　　处：《学术研究》2025年第4期130-143,178,共15页Academic Research

摘　　要：皇帝释奴指皇帝的被释奴,是古罗马被释奴的一个精英群体,隶属于皇帝家庭。罗马帝国早期,皇帝十分倚重自己的被释奴,他们通常任命皇帝释奴担任重要的行政职务,并准许皇帝释奴管理其在帝国各处的私产。在罗马法中,皇帝释奴的地位较低,且被拒在主要的公职之外。但是,这并没有阻碍他们在政治领域扮演较为重要的角色。他们以皇帝的顾问和代理人的身份出现在各种政治场合,协助皇帝处理政府工作。罗马帝国早期的政治制度、共和时期贵族官员重用被释奴的历史传统等,为皇帝释奴获得较高的政治地位创造了条件,从而导致皇帝释奴的法律地位与其实际获得的地位和声望之间存在矛盾。The imperial freedmenrefer to the freedmen of the emperors,an elite group of freedmen in ancient Rome who were attached to the imperial household.In the early Roman Empire,emperors relied on their freedmen,often appointing them to important administrative positions and permitting them to manage his private estates throughout the empire.In Roman law,the imperial freedmen held a low status and were excluded from major public offices.However,this did not prevent them from playing a more important role in the political sphere.They appeared on various political occasions as advisors and agents of the emperors,assisting the emperorsin handling government affairs.The political system of the early Roman Empire,along with the historical tradition of aristocratic officials relying on freedmen during the Roman Republic,created the conditions for imperial freedmen to acquire a higher political status,which led to a contradiction between the legal status of imperial freedmen and their actually acquired status and prestige.

关 键 词：皇帝释奴 罗马帝国 元首制 政治角色 皇权 

分 类 号：K126[历史地理—历史学]