水田行株间同步高效除草装置的设计与试验  

Design and Test of the Synchronous and Efficent WeedingDevice between Rows and Inter-plants in Paddy Fields

作　　者：吴康豪 徐豪聪 陈东顺 纪科辉[3] 孙良[1,2] 俞高红 Wu Kanghao;Xu Haocong;Chen Dongshun;Ji Kehui;Sun Liang;Yu Gaohong(College of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Southeast Hills and Mountains,Ministry of Agricultural and rual Areas,Hangzhou 310018,China;College of Information Science and Engineering,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学机械工程学院,杭州310018 [2]农业农村部东南丘陵山地农业装备重点实验室,杭州310018 [3]浙江理工大学信息科学与工程学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第7期72-79,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2001802);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2022C02006)。

摘　　要：为减少化学除草产生的环境问题和提高机械除草装置的除草率,设计了一种可以同步高效去除行间与株间杂草的后置式机械除草装置。该装置利用平行四边形四点悬挂在插秧机底盘上,通过减速箱分别传递动力给行株间除草部件。除草装置的行间部件通过主动旋转将杂草掩埋或将杂草茎根部切割并带出土壤;株间除草部件通过弹齿辐条向内自转将杂草挑出或打出土壤进入行间被行间刀具切割。利用土壤的力学特性和水田植物的根系差异特性,建立了行株间关键部件的模型,通过运动学软件分析其运动轨迹和对水田的作业覆盖率,同时利用有限元软件分析其入土所受阻力与对土壤的破坏情况,确定了行间除草部件的刀齿结构为曲面刀片,旋转半径为160 mm,刀铲总数为6,齿宽为40 mm;株间部件的工作旋转半径为95 mm,高度为190 mm,刀盘中心距为219 mm。田间试验结果表明,该除草装置可以充分搅动土壤,且平均除草率为85.26%,平均伤苗率为4.48%,试验结果达到预期效果,符合农艺要求。To reduce the environmental problems caused by chemical weeding and improve the weeding rate of mechanical weeding devices,a rear mounted mechanical weeding device was designed that can synchronously and efficiently remove weeds between rows and inter-plants.This device utilized a parallelogram four point suspension on the chassis of a rice transplanter,and transmitted power to the weeding components between rows and inter-plants through a gearbox.The inter row components of the weed control device buried weeds or cut the roots of weed stems and brought them out of the soil through active rotation;The weeding components between inter-plants rotate inward through toothed spokes to pick out weeds or drove them out of the soil and into the rows,where they were cut by inter row cutting tools.By utilizing the mechanical properties of soil and the root system differences of paddy plants,a model of key components between rows was established.The movement trajectory and coverage of paddy fields were analyzed using kinematic software.At the same time,the resistance to soil penetration and soil damage were analyzed using finite element software.The blade tooth structure of the inter row weeding component was determined to be a curved blade with a rotation radius of 160 mm,the total number of 6 blades,and a tooth width of 40 mm;The working rotation radius of the inter plant components was 95 mm,the height was 190 mm,and the center distance of the cutterhead was 219 mm.The field test results showed that the designed weed control device can fully stir the soil,with an average weed control rate of 85.26%and an average seedling damage rate of 4.48%.The experimental results met the expectations and met the requirements of agronomy.

关 键 词：水田 行间除草部件 株间除草部件 运动学仿真 有限元仿真 

分 类 号：S224.15[农业科学—农业机械化工程]