花生精少耕起垄播种机的设计与试验  

Design and Test of Peanut Fine Tillage Ridge Seeder

作　　者：陈凯阳 刘龙 刘道奇 孙千涛 钱凯 王东伟 孙文喜[1,2] 李秀杰 Chen Kaiyang;Liu Long;Liu Daoqi;Sun Qiantao;Qian Kai;Wang Dongwei;Sun Wenxi;Li Xiujie(Changyuan Branch,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changyuan 453400,China;Henan Province Cultivation,Harvesting and Processing Intelligent Equipment Engineering Research Center,Changyuan 453400,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院长垣分院,河南长垣453400 [2]河南省花生耕种收加工智能设备工程研究中心,河南长垣453400 [3]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第7期100-106,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系项目(CARS-14);河南省科技攻关项目(212102110225)。

摘　　要：针对麦后花生起垄播种农艺要求,采用带状旋耕作业方式,设计了一种花生精少耕起垄播种机。该机可一次完成带状旋耕、起垄等多道工序,减少人工投入和能耗。根据种植农艺要求和带状旋耕作业方式要求,确定了旋耕刀具为L型刀、播种机作业幅宽为1.90 m、旋耕区域幅宽为1.00 m、旋耕深度为100 mm、起垄高度为150 mm;通过对平行四杆仿形机构进行理论分析,确定了上仿形牵引角为20°、下仿形牵引角为15°、总仿形量为200 mm;通过对排种器的工作过程进行理论分析,结合河南省种植较为广泛的豫花22号花生种子的几何尺寸,确定了排种轮直径为120 mm、型孔数量为6、型孔截面直径为30 mm、型孔深度为13 mm、型孔最小长度为15 mm、调节轴行程为20 mm。对花生精少耕起垄播种机进行田间试验,结果表明:花生精少耕起垄播种机播种双粒率为95.78%、漏播率为3.61%、重播率为0.60%、播深合格率达到92%、田间出苗率为90.14%,能够满足花生起垄播种的种植要求,可为花生播种机械的开发与研究提供参考。In response to the agronomic requirements for ridge sowing of peanuts after wheat harvesting,a precision and reduced tillage ridge sowing machine had been designed,utilizing the strip rotary tillag method.This machine capable of accomplishing multiple processes such as rotary cultivation and ridge creation in a single operation,thereby reducing labor input and energy consumption.According to the agronomic requirements for planting and the strip rotary tillage method,it was determined to use L-shaped rotary tillage tools,with a sowing machine operating width of 1.90 m,a rotary tillage area width of 1.00 m,a rotary tillage depth of 100 mm,and a ridge height of 150 mm.Through theoretical analysis of the parallel four-bar profiling mechanism,it was determined that the upper profiling traction angle was 20°,the lower profiling traction angle was 15°,and the total profiling amount was 200 mm.Through theoretical analysis of the working process of the seeding device,combined with the geometric dimensions of the peanut seed Yuhua 22,which is widely planted in Henan Province,the diameter of the seeding wheel was determined to be 120 mm,the number of type holes was 6,the diameter of the type hole section was 30 mm,the depth of the type hole was 13 mm,the minimum length of the type hole was 15 mm,and the stroke of the adjustment shaft was 20 mm.The field test of the peanut precision tillage ridge sowing machine showed that the probability of planting two seeds per hole was 95.78%,the rate of missed sowing was 3.61%,the rate of reseeding was 0.60%,and the rate of qualified sowing depth reached 92%.The field emergence rate was 90.14%.It can meet the planting requirements for peanut ridge sowing,providing a reference for the development and research of peanut sowing machinery.

关 键 词：花生 播种机 带状旋耕 起垄 仿形 

分 类 号：S223.26[农业科学—农业机械化工程]