花生小区育种精密播种机的设计与试验  

Design and Test of Precision Planter for Peanut Community Breeding

作　　者：常学良 尚书旗 何晓宁[1,2] 李玉涛 刘佳军[1,2] 李先杰 李文杰 李奇 Chang Xueliang;Shang Shuqi;He Xiaoning;Li Yutao;Liu Jiajun;Li Xianjie;Li Wenjie;Li Qi(Collaborative Innovation Center for Shandong′s Main Crop Production Equipment and Mechanization,Qingdao 266109,China;Collage of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省主要农作物机械化生产装备协同创新中心,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第7期121-126,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：山东省主要农作物机械化生产装备协同创新中心开放基金课题(SDXTZX-08);青岛农业大学研究生创新计划项目(QNYCX23048)。

摘　　要：针对国内花生小区育种专用播种机尚缺,大多采用人工播种,严重影响育种试验的科学性问题。为提高花生小区育种播种效率与精度,结合小区试验特殊要求,设计了一款花生小区育种精密播种机,可实现小区播种不间断,节省劳动力。花生小区育种精密播种机的整机结构为自走式,基于气力式排种和清种原理对播种装置、播深控制装置、传动路线和气路管道等关键部件进行了设计与选择,保证播种机满足小区试验不混种、单粒精播等要求,并对所设计的机具进行田间试验。田间试验结果表明:花生小区育种精密播种机伤种率为1.0%,漏播率为3.4%,重播率为1.2%,播深合格率为91.4%,各项指标均符合小区作业标准。In view of the lack of special planters for breeding in peanut communities in China,most of them use manual sowing,which seriously affects the scientific problems of breeding experiments.In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of breeding and sowing in the peanut community,a precision planter for peanut community breeding was designed according to the special requirements of community testing,which could realize uninterrupted community sowing and save labor.The whole machine structure of the precision planter for peanut community breeding was self-propelled.Based on the pneumatic seeding principle,key components such as sowing device,deep sowing control device,transmission route and gas pipeline were designed and selected to ensure that the planter meets the requirements of community test non-mixing,single-grain precision sowing,etc.,and the field test of the designed machine was carried out.The test results show that the strain rate of the peanut field breeding precision planter was 1.0%,the leakage rate was 3.4%,the recast rate was 1.2%,and the sowing depth pass rate was 91.4%.All factors and indicators met the operation standards of the community.

关 键 词：花生 精密播种机 小区育种 自走式 

分 类 号：S223.26[农业科学—农业机械化工程]