2BXZ-4型自走式小区精量播种机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of 2BXZ-4 Self-propelledPlot Precision Seeder

作　　者：徐涛[1] 刘春旭[1] 朱炫铭[1] 芦磊[1] 李菁 孙锦秀[1] Xu Tao;Liu Chunxu;Zhu Xuanming;Lu Lei;Li Jing;Sun Jinxiu(Heilongjiang Acaclemy of Agricultural Machinery Engineering Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第7期127-133,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院青年科学家培养项目(2021QKPY001);黑龙江省省属科研院科研业务费项目(CZKYF2021-2-B026)。

摘　　要：针对我国小区育种试验播种作业中存在人工消耗大、劳动强度高、播种质量差、作业效率低、种间易混杂和自动化程度低等问题,设计了一种可实现小区播种区间高速切换、种间无混杂、全自动供种、高净度清种和高精度播种的2BXZ-4型自走式玉米大豆通用小区精量播种机。采用双排种组件镜像集成结合电机直驱控制的型式,利用径向槽片与螺旋槽片组合吸种结构,以及振动充种和负压清种技术;将步进电机直线滑台推送技术、激光反射种盒定位技术和空盒推落气动控制技术应用在叠放式预分配种盒全自动推送投种装置上,提高投种精度和效率的同时,减少了不必要的辅助人工;利用液压油缸活塞上下供油腔横截面积差配合专用液压油路结合可控气动镇压装置,使得播种单体作业时对地产生恒定压力,播种深度一致性显著提高。田间试验和性能测试表明:该小区播种作业最大速度为3.6 km/h,播深一致性大于95%,粒距合格指数大于96%,混杂率低于0.2%,整机可实现自动化供种、排种、清种,有效提高了播种精度和排种均匀性,降低了混杂率,满足玉米、大豆两种作物小区播种的作业要求。Aiming at the significant problems of high manual consumption,high labor intensity,poor sowing quality,low operation efficiency,easy mixing between seeds,and low degree of automation in the sowing operation of breeding experiments in residential areas in China,a 2BXZ-4 self-propelled corn and soybean universal residential precision seeder was designed and developed,which can achieve high-speed switching of sowing intervals in residential areas,no mixing between seeds,fully automatic seed supply,high cleanliness seed cleaning,and high-precision sowing.The dual row seed component mirror integrated configuration combined with motor direct drive control was adopted.The radial groove plate and spiral groove plate combined suction structure,as well as vibration charging and negative pressure cleaning technology,were used to effectively improve the seed changing,suction,and cleaning capabilities of the seed planter;Applying stepper motor linear sliding table pushing technology,laser reflection seed box positioning technology,and empty box pushing pneumatic control technology to the fully automatic feeding device of the stacked pre sorting breeding box,improving the accuracy and efficiency of seed feeding while reducing unnecessary auxiliary labor;By utilizing the cross-sectional area difference between the upper and lower oil supply chambers of the hydraulic cylinder piston,combined with a dedicated hydraulic oil circuit and a controllable pneumatic suppression device,a constant pressure was generated during the operation of the seeding unit,and the consistency of the seeding depth was significantly improved.Field experiments and performance tests had shown that the maximum speed of sowing operation in this community was 3.6 km/h,the consistency of sowing depth was greater than 95%,the qualified index of grain spacing was greater than 96%,and the mixing rate was less than 0.2%.The automated feeding,seeding,and cleaning of the whole machine can effectively improve sowing accuracy and seeding uniformity,reduce mixing rate

关 键 词：小区播种机 自走式 交互排种 自动供种 气动清种 

分 类 号：S227[农业科学—农业机械化工程]