基于ADAMS的油茶嫁接机关键结构设计与仿真  

Design and Simulation of Key Structure of Camellia OleiferaGrafting Machine Based on ADAMS

作　　者：李袁迪 张立强[1] 郭鹏程 曹阳靖 李立君[1] 廖凯[1] Li Yuandi;Zhang Liqiang;Guo Pengcheng;Cao Yangjing;Li Lijun;Liao Kai(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学机电工程学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第7期205-212,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：湖南省油茶产业科研示范项目(2023LYCY0024);湖南省重点研发项目(2021NK2023);国家级大学生创新训练项目(202210538012)。

摘　　要：针对油茶嫁接机制造成本过高、结构复杂且嫁接动作繁多的问题,对油茶嫁接机的夹持、搬运、切削和对正等关键结构进行了设计与建模,实现了劈接式嫁接机的基本功能,同时将多个功能部件合理地整合在一起,保证了夹爪在夹持搬运时的合理性和稳定性。对油茶穗木进行轴向和径向的单轴压缩应力-位移试验,得到了不同直径的油茶穗木力学曲线,得出轴向和径向极限破坏载荷分别为6.71 MPa和4.14 MPa;利用SolidWorks 2021建立夹持搬运机构动力学仿真模型,应用ADAMS软件对搬运机构,以及由夹持机构和切削机构组成的末端执行器进行动力学仿真,分析了油茶穗木在不同夹持力时质心处速度的变化规律,得到了适用于嫁接机结构设计的夹爪夹持力和油茶穗木脱离夹爪时的夹持力。仿真结果表明:本嫁接机夹持搬运工况的最小稳定夹持力为3.8 N。当夹爪的夹持力小于0.5 N时,油茶穗木在夹持搬运过程中脱离夹爪。该机关键结构设计合理、工况稳定,能够满足嫁接中夹持和搬运等基本需求,可为后续油茶嫁接机和油茶嫁接相关设备的优化设计提供理论依据和研究思路。The disadvantages of Camellia oleifera grafting machine are expensive,having complex structure and numerous grafting actions.In order to realize the basic function of grafting machine,based on the cleft grafting method,the key structures of the grafting machine such as clamping,handling,cutting and straightening were designed and modeled.At the same time,multiple functional components were reasonably integrated together to ensure the compact structure.In order to ensure the rationality and stability of the gripper in the gripping and handling.Camellia oleifera seedlings were taken as reference objects.The axial and radial compressive stress-displacement tests were carried out to obtain mechanical curves with different diameters,and the axial and radial ultimate failure loads were 6.71 MPa and 4.14 MPa,respectively.The dynamic simulation model of gripper handling mechanism was established with SolidWorks 2021.ADAMS software was used to simulate the dynamics of the handling mechanism and the end-effector composed of the clamping mechanism and the cutting mechanism.The change of the velocity at the center of mass of grafted panicle under different clamping forces was analyzed.The gripper holding force suitable for the structural design of grafting machine and the gripper holding force when the grafted spike was released from the gripper were obtained.The simulation results showed that:the minimum stable clamping force applicable to the clamping handling condition of the grafting machine was 3.8 N.The camellia grafting seedlings would break away from the claw when the clamping force of the claw was less than 0.5 N.The key structure design of grafting machine was reasonable,it can meet the clamping and handling needs in grafting and provide theoretical basis and research ideas for the optimization design of grafting machines and graft-related equipment.

关 键 词：油茶嫁接机 劈接式嫁接 单轴压缩试验 搬运机构 动力学仿真 ADAMS 

分 类 号：S223.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]