精准施肥技术的研究现状及发展趋势  

Research Status and Development Trend of PrecisionVariable Fertilizer Application Technology

作　　者：刘春山[1] 李梦月 陈思羽[1] 刘洪义[2] 王春光 张艳 陈苏 李志昂 Liu Chunshan;Li Mengyue;Chen Siyu;Liu Hongyi;Wang Chunguang;Zhang Yan;Chen Su;Li Zhiang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154007,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Engineering Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学机械工程学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第7期294-300,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2023C059);黑龙江省教育厅科研项目(2022-KYYWF-0587);黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GA21B003);黑龙江省田间农业装备工程技术重点实验室项目(2022TJNY-01)。

摘　　要：化肥是农作物生长必不可少的营养来源之一,低效施用和未吸收的肥料导致其利用率低下,造成环境污染,影响土地质量,无法保证作物产量。为了形成环境友好型、资源节约型社会,同时增加经济效益,了解精准施肥技术发展现状对我国农业有着重要意义。在国家政策扶持的背景下,阐述了精准施肥国内外发展情况,论述了国内外土壤检测技术,主要从车速监测、施肥量监测、施肥机位置监测、处方图生成方面讲述了我国精准施肥涉及的几大技术,并阐述了优点和局限性,提出了技术研究中的问题并给出发展建议。Chemical fertilizers are one of the essential nutrients for crop growth.Inefficient application as well as unabsorbed fertilizer leads to its low utilization,causes environmental pollution,affects land quality and does not guarantee crop yield.In order to form an environment-friendly and resource-saving society while increasing economic value,it is important to understand the current state of development of precision fertilization technology for our agriculture.Against the background of national policy support,illustrated the development of precision fertilization at home and abroad,discussed soil detection technologies at home and abroad,mainly described several technologies involved in precision fertilization in China in terms of monitoring the travel speed of our vehicle,monitoring the amount of fertilizer applied,monitoring the location of the fertilizer applicator,and generating prescription maps and explained the advantages and limitations,while putting forward the problems in technology research and giving development suggestions.

关 键 词：精准施肥 土壤检测 车速监测 施肥机位置 处方图生成 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]