催化裂化技术发展的源动力及其演变  

THE DRIVING FORCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS EVOLUTION

作　　者：许友好 王启飞 Xu Youhao;Wang Qifei(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular&Process Engineering)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083 [2]石油化工分子转化与反应工程全国重点实验室

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2025年第5期57-70,共14页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

摘　　要：回溯了汽油生产核心技术催化裂化(FCC)工艺的开发历程和技术变革路线。在原料重质化和劣质化驱动下,梳理了馏分油、渣油、重油预处理和重油催化裂化技术。面对市场对汽油质量的需求,从汽油无铅化、降低汽油烯烃和硫含量等方面阐述了催化裂化汽油产品清洁化的研究进展,以此为源动力,不断开发出系列变革性催化裂化工艺。主要包括双反应区催化裂化(MIP)、催化裂解(DCC)、低成本生产低碳烯烃的靶向催化裂化(TCO)、多产轻质油的催化裂化馏分油加氢处理工艺(HAR)与选择性催化裂化工艺(HSCC)集成技术(IHCC)等。未来催化裂化工艺不但面临转型发展的挑战,而且要满足“双碳”要求,其目标产品逐步由汽油向低碳烯烃灵活可控转变,同时降低生产过程中的CO_(2)排放,将成为未来催化裂化工艺技术变革新的源动力,推动催化裂化技术向更高水平发展。Tracing back the development process and technological transformation route of the core technology of gasoline production,fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)process.Under the drive of heavy and inferior raw materials,technologies for pre-treatment of distillate oil,residual oil,heavy oil,and catalytic cracking of heavy oil have been sorted out.In response to the market’s demand for gasoline quality,this article elaborates on the research progress of clean catalytic cracking gasoline products from the aspects of unleaded gasoline,reducing gasoline olefin and sulfur content,etc.Based on this,a series of transformative catalytic cracking processes are continuously developed.It mainly includes dual reaction zone catalytic cracking(MIP),deep catalytic cracking(DCC),targeted catalytic cracking to olefins(TCO)for low-cost production of light olefins,integration of FCC gas oil hydrotreating(HAR)and highly selective catalytic cracking(HSCC)for maximizing liquid yield(IHCC),etc.The future catalytic cracking process not only faces the challenge of transformation and development,but also needs to meet the“the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals”requirements.Its target products will gradually shift from gasoline to light olefins in a flexible and controllable manner,while reducing CO 2 emissions in the production process.This will become a new driving force for the technological transformation of catalytic cracking processes in the future,promoting the development of catalytic cracking technology to a higher level.

关 键 词：催化裂化 汽油 辛烷值 烯烃 低碳烯烃 碳排放 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]