甘薯收获设备关键技术研究及展望  

Research and Prospect of Key Technologies of Sweet Potato Harvesting Equipment

作　　者：代叶 李玲[1,2,3] 郑爽 周思理[1,2,3] 邓干然 陈青 DAI Ye;LI Ling;ZHENG Shuang;ZHOU Sili;DENG Ganran;CHEN Qing(Institute of Agricultural Machinery,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang 524013,China;Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Tropical Crops,Zhanjiang 524013,China;Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院农业机械研究所,广东湛江524013 [2]农业农村部热带作物农业装备重点实验室,广东湛江524013 [3]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《现代农业装备》2025年第2期15-24,共10页Modern Agricultural Equipment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题5“特色薯类作物绿色高效生产管理技术研发与应用示范”(2023YFD1600605);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630132024003)。

摘　　要：甘薯是一种适应性强且高产的粮食作物,除作为主粮外,也是酒精、淀粉、食品加工等领域的重要原料。国内种植面积、总产量均居世界首位,机械化收获是甘薯机械化生产过程中的关键环节。但由于甘薯种植区域范围广、土壤差异大、农艺模式多样,各地区对甘薯收获机械需求各有不同,甘薯收获机械化应用率较低。分析了国内外典型的甘薯分段收获机和联合收获机的基本结构和技术特点,重点阐述了减阻降耗挖掘、高效低损输送分离等关键技术研究进展,指出国内甘薯收获机械研究面临的问题,并对农机农艺深度融合、高效低损收获分离装置、智能控制关键技术等进行了展望,以期为我国甘薯收获机械化、智能化、数字化发展提供参考。Sweet potato is a highly adaptable and high-yielding food crop.In addition to being a staple food,it also serves as an important raw material in alcohol production,starch processing,and food manufacturing.China ranks first in the world in terms of cultivation area and total production.Mechanized harvesting represents a critical component of sweet potato mechanized production.However,due to extensive planting regions,diverse soil conditions,and varied agronomic practices across China,regional demands for sweet potato harvesting machinery differ significantly,resulting in relatively low adoption rates of mechanized harvesting technologies.This paper analyzed the basic structures and technical features of typical domestic and international segmented harvesters and combined harvesters for sweet potatoes.It highlighted research advancements in key technologies such as resistance reduction and energy-efficient digging,as well as high-efficiency,low-loss conveying and separation.The study identified existing challenges in domestic sweet potato harvesting machinery research and provided insights into future directions,including deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic practices,development of efficient and low-loss harvesting-separation mechanisms,and breakthroughs in intelligent control technologies.These perspectives aimed to support the mechanized,intelligent,and digital transformation of sweet potato harvesting in China.

关 键 词：甘薯 机械化收获 高效低损 智能技术 

分 类 号：S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]