长脉冲托卡马克装置偏滤器第一壁结构安全仿真分析  

Safety Simulation Analysis of the First Wall Structure of Divertor in Long-Pulse Tokamak Devices

作　　者：齐坤宇 王晓涛 李雪琴 曹磊 Qi Kunyu;Wang Xiaotao;Li Xueqin;Cao Lei(Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Beijing 100082,China;Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082 [2]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《核安全》2025年第2期30-35,共6页Nuclear Safety

摘　　要：偏滤器作为承受长脉冲托卡马克装置高热负荷的关键部件之一,其在高温下的力学表现密切影响着实验装置的结构完整性与运行可靠性。为了研究偏滤器面向等离子体第一壁结构与使用可靠性的关系,基于计算工具COMSOL Multiphysics,对处于真空室循环热负荷下的偏滤器平板构型靶板第一壁进行结构力学计算。结果表明,在典型的托卡马克热负荷工况下,相比直接面向等离子体的钨和作为热量扩散层的铬锆铜合金,钨和铬锆铜之间的铜过渡层局部位置会产生速度更快、程度更深的金属疲劳风险,表现形式为金属界面脱粘;钨厚度设计直接影响靶板第一壁结构安全,综合考量后认为将平板型偏滤器靶板的钨层厚度设计为2~3 mm可实现安全寿命最大化。The divertor,as one of the critical components bearing the high thermal loads in long-pulse tokamak devices,significantly influences the structural integrity and operational reliability of the experimental setup through its mechanical behavior under high temperatures.To investigate the relationship between the structure and operational reliability of the plasma-facing first wall of the divertor,structural mechanics calculations were performed on the first wall of flat-type target plates in the divertor under cyclic thermal loads within the vacuum vessel,using the computational tool COMSOL Multiphysics.The calculations revealed that during cyclic thermal loading,compared to the tungsten directly facing the plasma and the chromium-zirconium-copper(CuCrZr)alloy serving as the heat-spreading layer,the copper interlayer between tungsten and CuCrZr experiences faster and more severe metal fatigue risks at localized positions,manifesting as metal interface debonding.The design of tungsten thickness directly affects the safety of the first wall structure of the target plate.After comprehensive consideration,it is concluded that designing the tungsten layer thickness of the flat-type divertor target plate within the range of 2 to 3 mm can maximize the safe lifespan.

关 键 词：核聚变托卡马克 偏滤器平板型靶板 力学安全分析 第一壁厚度 

分 类 号：TB753[一般工业技术—真空技术]