聚变实验装置稳态运行和假设事故释放氚的环境影响分析研究  

Environmental Impact Analysis of Tritium Release during Steady-State Operation and Hypothetical Accidents in the Fusion Experimental Devices

作　　者：崔威杰 栗再新 曹启祥 曹博 Cui Weijie;Li Zaixin;Cao Qixiang;Cao Bo(Southwestern Institute of Physics,Chengdu 610225,China;North China Electric Power University,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业西南物理研究院,成都610225 [2]华北电力大学,北京100096

出　　处：《核安全》2025年第2期88-97,共10页Nuclear Safety

基　　金：国防基础科研计划资助项目,项目编号:JCKY2022110C073。

摘　　要：氘氚聚变被认为是能最早实现商用的可控核聚变反应,但放射性氚的使用带来了环境和人员的放射性风险。为评估氘氚实验装置稳态运行和假设事故工况下向大气中泄漏的氚对附近公众的照射危害,本文基于稳态高斯烟羽模型和高斯多烟团模型开发了剂量评估代码,结合国际热核聚变实验堆ITER安全报告中的气态氚化水释放量和我国石岛湾核电站厂址及ITER厂址的2023年ECMWF再分析气象数据,计算了公众从含氚空气中通过呼吸和皮肤吸收途径受到的氚照射剂量。结果表明,氘氚实验装置稳态运行时ITER厂址和石岛湾厂址附近的最大公众剂量分别为0.018mSv/yr和0.0304 mSv/yr,远低于ITER项目提出的0.1 mSv/yr剂量限值。事故工况下氚的再释放过程变得不可忽略,需要考虑氚在环境要素间的后续迁移。Deuterium-tritium(D-T)fusion is anticipated to be the earliest commercially viable controlled fusion reaction.However,the use of radioactive tritium poses environmental and radiological risks to humans.To evaluate the exposure hazard to the nearby public from tritium leakage into the atmosphere under both steady-state operation and hypothetical accidental conditions of the D-T experimental devices,a dose assessment code was developed based on the steady-state Gaussian plume model and Gaussian multi-puff model.By combining gaseous deuterated water release data from the ITER safety report with ECMWF reanalysis meteorological data for the Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant in China and ITER sites for the year 2023,public exposure from tritium-containing air via inhalation and skin absorption was calculated.The results indicate that the maximum public doses in the vicinity of the ITER site and the Shidao Bay site during steady-state operation are 0.018 mSv/yr and 0.0304 mSv/yr,respectively,significantly below the 0.1 mSv/yr dose limit proposed by the ITER project.Under accidental conditions,the re-emission of tritium becomes significant,necessitating consideration of its subsequent migration between environmental elements.

关 键 词：氘氚实验装置 氚 高斯模型 稳态运行 事故工况 剂量 

分 类 号：TL732[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]