若尔盖典型高寒湿地碳库特征及其影响因素  

Carbon storage characteristics and influencing factors of typical alpine wetlands in Zoige

作　　者：孙欢 曹永强 陈江枚 张怡 王三欣 王嘉琪 张伟[1,2] 雷俊锋 黄秋成 周青平[1,2] 胡健 SUN Huan;CAO Yongqiang;CHEN Jiangmei;ZHANG Yi;WANG Sanxin;WANG Jiaqi;ZHANG Wei;LEI Junfeng;HUANG Qiucheng;ZHOU Qingping;HU Jian(College of Grassland Resources,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学草地资源学院,成都610041 [2]西南民族大学四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,成都610041

出　　处：《国家公园(中英文)》2025年第3期141-153,共13页Natinonal Park

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100704);四川省自然科学基金项目(2024NSFSC0106);西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(ZYN2025086)。

摘　　要：高寒湿地作为全球重要的碳汇,其碳库动态对区域碳循环起着关键作用,但对高寒湿地植被和土壤碳储量的差异及其影响因素仍然不足。研究以若尔盖国家公园内泥炭沼泽、泥炭地和湿草甸三种典型高寒湿地为对象,通过连续三年的野外调查与室内分析,量化植被和土壤碳库特征,并探讨其影响因素。结果表明:湿草甸地上生物量(371g/m^(2))及生物量碳储量(195g/m^(2))最高,但其土壤有机碳含量(78g/kg)最低;泥炭地地下生物量(3911g/m^(2))显著高于其他类型,且20—40cm土层碳储量最高((180±19.61)t/hm^(2)),其土壤有机碳含量(167g/kg)最高,但随土层深度显著递减。植被生物量与物种多样性(丰富度指数)显著正相关(P<0.01),表明多样性提升可增强碳固持能力。土壤物理性质(容重、含水量)对碳库影响具有差异性,泥炭地容重与碳储量正相关,而湿草甸则呈负相关。研究表明,泥炭地深层土壤碳积累优势显著,植被多样性与土壤物理性质的相互作用对碳储存至关重要。研究结果为高寒湿地生态系统固碳潜力评估及未来国家公园生态管理提供了基础数据参考。Alpine wetlands,as a globally significant carbon sink,play a crucial role in regional carbon cycling.However,there is limited understanding of the differences in vegetation and soil carbon storage as well as their influencing factors in alpine wetlands.In this study,three typical alpine wetlands within the Zoige National Park,including peat bogs,peatlands,and wet meadows,were focused.Based on three years of field surveys and laboratory analyses,the characteristics of vegetation and soil carbon pools were quantified.At the same time,their influencing factors were investigated.As demonstrated by the results,the aboveground biomass(371 g/m^(2))and biomass carbon storage(195 g/m^(2))were the highest in wet meadow,while its soil organic carbon content(78 g/kg)was the lowest.The underground biomass(3911 g/m^(2))of peatland was significantly higher than that of other types,and the carbon storage in the 20—40 cm soil layer was the highest((180±19.61)t/hm^(2)).The soil organic carbon content in peatlands(167 g/kg)was the highest,but decreased remarkably with soil depth.There was a significant positive correlation between vegetation biomass and species diversity(Margalef index,P<0.01),indicating that increased diversity can enhance carbon sequestration capacity.Soil physical properties(i.e.bulk density,water content)had different impacts on carbon pools.The correlation between bulk density and carbon storage was positive in peatlands,but negative in wet meadows.To conclude,the peatlands had pronounced advantage in deep soil carbon accumulation,and the interaction between vegetation diversity and Soil physical properties was vital for carbon storage.All in all,these findings provide a foundation for assessment of the carbon sequestration potential of alpine wetland ecosystems and for ecological management within future national parks.

关 键 词：高寒湿地 碳储量 植被多样性 土壤有机碳 若尔盖国家公园 

分 类 号：S153.4[农业科学—土壤学]