美国在港口海运领域强化对华打压的动因、举措及影响  

The Motivations,Measures and Impacts of the United States' Intensified Suppression on China in the Fields of Ports and Shipping

作　　者：冯钧泽 Feng Junze(Doctoral Student at the Institute of International Relations,Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]南京大学国际关系研究院

出　　处：《和平与发展》2025年第2期90-115,165,166,共28页Peace and Development

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金青年项目“印太经济框架'下东南亚国家的战略选择及中国应对研究”(项目编号:23CGJ040)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于护持制度霸权、谋求全球地缘战略主导权、打压中国发展空间等战略动因,美国在港口海运领域对华实施遇制战略。在单边层面,美国通过构建泛安全化叙事、限制数字港航技术、对中国建造的船舶加征“港口费”等手段,强化对华遇制打压。在双边及小多边层面,美国依靠构建“印太”小多边情报网络、扶持盟伴替代中国角色并胁迫其选边站队,与盟伴构建紧密的“内部圈层”合作;同时,与“全球南方”国家开展差异化的港口合作,以此平衡中国的作用,阻止中国的影响力在这些国家进一步扩展。在全球多边层面,美国借助工具化国际法和重构国际港口技术标准等手段,争夺全球海运领域规则的主导权。美国的一系列举措导致全球供应链韧性受损、地缘政治风险上升、“全球南方”国家艰难重塑自主性,并加剧了国际经贸规则体系的碎片化。同时,国际港口海运技术标准“北约化”的趋势正逐渐显现。Out of such strategic motivations as maintaining institutional hegemony,seeking global geostrategic dominance,and containing and suppressing China's space of development,the US has intensified its suppression on China in the fields of ports and shipping.At the unilateral level,the US has strengthened its containment and suppression on China by means of constructing a pan-securitization narrative,restricting digital port and shipping technologies,and imposing additional"port charges"on ships built in China.At the bilateral and mini-multilateral level,the US relies on building an"Indo-Pacific"minimultilateral intelligence network,supporting its allies and partners to replace China's role,coercing them to take side,and engages in indept and exclusive port and shipping cooperation with its allies and partners.Meanwhile,the US intends to forge an"external buffer zone"for containment against China by carrying out differentiated port cooperation with countries from the"Global South'".At the global and multilateral levels,the US aims to seize the dominance of rule-making in the fields of global ports and shipping by instrumentalizing international laws and reformulating international port technical standards.The series of measures taken by the US have led to the resilience of the global supply chain being undermined,geopolitical security risks rising,and the"Global South"countries coming across dificulties to reshape their autonomy.They have also exacerbated the fragmentation of the international economic and trade rule system and gradually triggered a growing trend of NATO-ization"of international port and shipping technical standards.

关 键 词：港口海运 特朗普2.0 地缘政治 全球南方 长臂管辖 一带一路 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]