集成电路发展与光电融合探讨  

Discussion on the Development of Integrated Circuits and Photonics-electronics Convergence

作　　者：张新全 肖希 ZHANG Xinquan;XIAO Xi(National Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks,Wuhan 430074,China;China Information Communication Technologies Group Corporation,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]光通信技术和网络全国重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]中国信息通信科技集团有限公司,武汉430074

出　　处：《光通信研究》2025年第2期1-8,共8页Study on Optical Communications

摘　　要：经过60余年指数级高速发展,集成电路最先进制程工艺节点已来到1 nm。近10年来集成电路的发展在转向,从平面等比例微缩转为三维等效微缩,从性能驱动转为功耗驱动,从单元集成转为系统集成,业界普遍认为已进入到“后摩尔时代”。当前,集成电路面临着3大技术难题,尺寸缩减举步维艰,不仅制程升级放缓,而且代价超百亿美金,格罗方德等部分晶圆厂已放弃进军更先进制程,仅台积电(TSMC)、三星、Intel和Imec等极少数晶圆厂在继续向前推进“深度摩尔”。文章从集成度和能耗两个维度分析了可供深度摩尔继续利用的理论空间,并简要介绍了国际器件与系统路线图(IRDS)关于未来15年的技术演进路线图。“超越CMOS”致力于通过原理、材料和结构等创新找到显著优于传统互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)的可能器件和方法,这方面的探索尚属于学术前沿研究阶段。产业界对于系统级封装(SiP)、异质集成和芯粒(Chiplet)等“扩展摩尔(MtM)”技术更为关注。由于信息硬件技术当前遇到的困难和限制是源自电子的物理特性,光子作为与其物理秉性相异的信息载子被寄予厚望,正从传统的传输技术泛化为信息通信技术(ICT)的全尺度连接手段,并逐步进入计算、处理和路由等复杂功能域,光电融合逐渐成为信息技术的重要发展方向。光电融合主要体现于两个维度,一是功能维度协同化,二是硬件维度一体化。文章对这两个维度的进展进行了介绍,并指出以硅为基础的多材料异质集成和混合集成是当前芯片层面光电融合的着眼点,使得光电子发展呈现出“微电子化”的显著特征。光电融合刚起步,在其探索过程中,文章作者认为:一是要重视系统架构层面的适应性改变,不能仅停留于芯片层面;二是融合尚需新材料、新型器件、新工艺、新设备和新系统等多方面创新;三是不能把光电融�After more than 60 years of exponential rapid development,the most advanced process node of integrated circuits has come to 1 nm.In the past decade,the development of integrated circuits has shifted,from planar proportional scaling to three-dimensional equivalent scaling,from performance-driven to power-consumption-driven,from unit integration to system integration,and the industry generally believes that it has entered the post-Moore era.At present,integrated circuits are facing three major technical challenges,which results in great difficulties in reducing size.Not only is process upgrading slowing down,but the cost exceeds 10 billion dollars.Some wafer fabs such as GLOBALFOUNDRIES have given up advancing to more advanced processes,while only a few such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company(TSMC),Samsung,Intel,and Imec continue to advance towards More Moore.This article studies the theoretical space for further utilization from the dimensions of integration and energy consumption,and briefly introduces the technology evolution roadmap of International Roadmap for Devices and Systems(IRDS)for the next 15 years.Beyond Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor(CMOS)is committed to finding potential devices and methods that are significantly superior to traditional CMOS through innovation in principles,materials,structures,etc.,and this exploration is still in the forefront of academic research.The industry is paying more attention to More than Moore(MtM)technologies such as System-in-Package(SiP),heterogeneous integration,and chiplets.Due to the current difficulties and limitations faced by information hardware technology stemming from the physical properties of electrons,photons are highly anticipated because of its difference from electrons.Now photonics is being generalized from traditional transmission technology to Information Communications Technology(ICT)full-scale connection technology,and gradually entering complex functional domains such as computing,processing,and routing.Photonics-electronics co

关 键 词：集成电路 后摩尔 扩展摩尔 光电融合 

分 类 号：TN29[电子电信—物理电子学]