露井联采台阶爆破对井下巷道振动的影响  

Effect of Bench Blasting on Vibration in Underground Roadways during Open Pit-Underground Combined Mining

作　　者：徐杰[1,2] 李祥龙 王建国[1,2] 胡涛 张彪[3] 刘金保 XU Jie;LI Xianglong;WANG Jianguo;HU Tao;ZHANG Biao;LIU Jinbao(Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;Advanced Blasting Technology Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province Education Department,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;Liangshan Mining Co.,Ltd.,Huili 615146,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]云南省教育厅爆破新技术工程研究中心,云南昆明650093 [3]凉山矿业股份有限公司,四川会理615146

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2025年第5期85-102,共18页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52274083);云南省基础研究计划面上项目(202201AT070178);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202102AG050024)。

摘　　要：在露井联采过程中,为了控制露天台阶爆破振动对井下邻近既有巷道衬砌的破坏,以拉拉铜矿露天转井下过渡开采阶段为背景,采用现场振动监测、理论计算、数值模拟方法,研究既有邻近巷道的动力响应规律。通过对监测数据进行回归分析,得出井下振动衰减规律,并对振动主频及瞬时能量进行了分析。采用LS-DYNA数值模拟软件,对露天台阶和井下巷道建立6种不同相对空间位置的模型,进而建立双孔延期爆炸模型,研究了爆破荷载作用下邻近井下既有巷道的动态响应规律。结果表明:露天台阶爆破过程中,爆源下方邻近既有巷道产生的最大振速主要出现在拱部和迎爆侧的边墙部;巷道与爆源的相对空间位置不同,峰值振速所在的方向和位置也不同;在巷道拱顶与炮孔底部竖直方向距离固定为10 m的情况下,巷道边墙与炮孔水平距离在15 m以内时,炸药起爆后巷道结构竖直方向振速较大,超过15 m后,巷道结构水平径向振速较大。通过拟合应力与振速之间的关系,利用巷道极限动态抗拉强度推导出振速阈值为19 cm/s。基于安全阈值调整爆破参数后,可以保证邻近既有巷道的安全。In order to control the lining damage of underground roadways induced by the vibration effect of bench blasting in an open-pit quarry,the dynamic response of the existing adjacent roadway at the transition mining stage from open pit to underground in Lara Copper Mine were studied by means of field vibration monitoring,theoretical calculation and numerical simulation.Through regression analysis of the monitoring data,the vibration attenuation law was obtained,and the dominant frequency and instantaneous energy of the vibration were analyzed.Six models with different relative spatial positions between the open-pit bench and underground roadway were established using the LS-DYNA software.Subsequently,double-hole delayed blasting models were developed to investigate the dynamic response of adjacent existing roadways under blasting loads.The results show that for the existing roadway located below the explosion source of the open pit bench,its maximum vibration velocity mainly appears in the arch and the side wall on the explosionfacing side.The direction and position of the peak vibration velocity change with the different relative spatial position of the roadway and the explosion source.When the vertical distance between the roadway vault and the bottom of the blast hole is fixed at 10 m,and the horizontal distance between the roadway sidewall and the blast hole is less than 15 m,the vibration velocity in the vertical direction of the tunnel structure is greater after explosion.Beyond this 15 m horizontal distance,the vibration velocity in the horizontal and radial directions of the tunnel structure is larger.By fitting the relationship between peak effective stress and peak particle velocity and utilizing the ultimate dynamic tensile strength of the roadway,a vibration velocity threshold of 19 cm/s was derived.After adjusting blasting parameters according to the safety threshold,the safety of adjacent existing roadway can be ensured.

关 键 词：露井联采 露天台阶爆破 既有邻近巷道 振动响应 安全阈值 

分 类 号：O383[理学—流体力学] TD235[理学—力学] O521.9[矿业工程—矿井建设]