语言系统运作的预期原理  

Expectation Principle of The Operation of Language System

作　　者：朱斌[1] 陆方喆[1] ZHU Bin;LU Fang-zhe(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《语言研究》2025年第2期1-18,共18页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目“汉语排他性范畴研究”(20YJA740046);世界汉语教学学会“2021年全球中文教育主题学术活动资助计划”(SH21Y14);全国哲学社会科学工作办公室“国家社科基金优秀社科学术社团奖励性补助”(20STC016);国家社科基金青年项目“汉语语体类型与体标记的选择和制约关系研究”(20CYY033)。

摘　　要：预期是一种心理现象,是认识主体对主客观世界的信念和愿望,可以影响主体的行为和决策。现实与预期一致为合预期,不一致即违预期。文章将预期视为语言运作的基本原理,区分了语言系统的三层架构,即底层认知结构、中层信息结构、表层语篇结构,由下而上是实现关系,由上而下是包含关系。文章论述了预期与合违预期在静态语言系统层构和动态言语交际中的地位与作用,提出语言研究的预期理论框架,并以信息结构中的话题-述题、预设-焦点,语篇结构中的小句和超句为例,验察了预期原理的运作机制。Expectation is a psychological phenomenon.It is the subject's beliefs and desires on the subjective and objective world,which can affect the subject's decision-making and behavior.When reality meets expectations is called heyuqi(合预期),otherwise,is called"counter-expectation".The article regards expectation as the core principle of language operation,and distinguishes the three-layer structure of the language system,namely,the underlying cognitive structure,the intermediate information structure,and the surface discourse structure.The bottom-up is the realization relationship,and the top-down is the inclusion relationship.The article discusses in detail the status and function of expectation and counter-expectation in static language system hierarchy and dynamic verbal communication.We propose a theoretical framework of expectation in language research,and take topic-comment and presupposition-focus in information structure,clauses and hyper-sentences in text structure as examples,and briefly test the operation mechanism of the expectation principle.

关 键 词：语言系统 运作 预期原理 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]