“更”的音义匹配关系与《经典释文》校勘两则  

The Sound and Sense Matching Relation of Geng(更)and the Emendation of the Jing Dian Shi Wen(经典释文)

作　　者：武迎晗 WU Ying-han(College of Humanities,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学人文学院/中国语言研究所,武汉430074

出　　处：《语言研究》2025年第2期75-81,共7页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中、日、韩汉语音义文献集成与汉语音义学研究”(19ZDA318);华中科技大学一流文科建设重大学科平台建设项目“数字人文与语言研究创新平台”。

摘　　要：在中古汉语中,“更”的去声音代表动词义“彻底更改”和副词引申义,平声代表“更替、轮替”系列引申义。后因去声副词用法使用频率逐渐增高,“更_(去)+动词”结构容易产生两解,且“更替、轮替”义与“彻底更改”义之间的界限逐渐模糊,“更”之平去二声的音义匹配关系发生了重新分配,去声的动词义消失。《经典释文》中“更”的读音尚未重新分配。由于“更改”“更替”读音不同,但都是实词义,且义项接近,容易混淆,所以“更”不用信息量较小的“如字”注音,也不充当反切下字。今本《释文》中两处“X更反”中的“更”乃“庚”之讹字。In ancient Chinese,the word geng(更)was used in the falling tone sense of"to change completely"and in the adverbial sense.When you read in level tone,it means"to replace or substitute".Later,as the use of adverbs became more frequent,the structure of"更去+verb"was easily misunderstood,and the line between"replace or substitute"and"completely change"became blurred.The meaning of the verb"to change"in the falling tone is lost.The pronunciation of geng(更)in the Jing Dian Shi Wen(经典释文)has not yet been reassigned.Since the pronunciation of"to change completely"'and"to replace or substitute"is different,but they are both real words,and their meanings are close to each other,so they are easily confused,so geng(更)is not used as a pronunciation of the word"如字",nor in fanqie.In the two cases of"X更反"in the Jing Dian Shi Wen(经典释文),geng(更)is a misspelling of geng(庚).

关 键 词：《经典释文》 更 音义匹配 校勘 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]