“利害”是怎么变成“厉害”的——基于汉语词汇用字史的考察  

How Li·hai(利害)Changed into Li·hai(厉害)——From the Perspective of Character Usage in the History of Chinese Vocabulary

作　　者：陈思捷 汪维辉[2] CHEN Si-jie;WANG Wei-hui(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Center for Studies of History of Chinese Language/College of Literature of Zhejiang University,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言文学系,北京100871 [2]浙江大学汉语史研究中心/文学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《语言研究》2025年第2期87-94,共8页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“东汉至唐朝出土文献汉语用字研究”(21&ZD295);国家社科基金重大项目“汉语词汇通史”(14ZDB093);国家社科基金重点项目“词汇化和认知视角下汉语文化核心概念的历时演变”(24AZD043)。

摘　　要：“利害”(lì·hai)与“厉害”是一组异形词。“厉害”大致出现于清末民初,并在20世纪60年代后基本替代了“利害”的写法;“利害”(lì·hai)变为“厉害”的原因是听音为字。该过程源起于北方部分方言,尔后借助媒体和教育的推广作用进入共同语的书写系统中。基于这一个案,文章认为学界应进一步重视异形词的本体研究。Li-hai(利害)and li·hai(厉害)are two variant forms of the same word(异形词).The study reveals that li-hai(厉害)first appeared around 1910 and had largely replaced li-hai(利害)in written language by the 1960s.This shift can be attributed to the phenomenon of pronunciation-based character substitution,with li-hai(厉害)gaining prominence due to its advantages in form,pronunciation,and meaning.This change started from some northern Chinese dialects and spread to the writing system of common language through the influence of media and education.By analyzing this case,the author aims to highlight the importance of ontological research on variant forms of the same word in Chinese linguistics.

关 键 词：利害 厉害 异形词 异形词本体研究 听音为字 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]