合成金刚石的氮、氢杂质实验进展与地质应用  

Experimental progress and geological application of nitrogen and hydrogen impurities in diamond

作　　者：鲁智云 杨经绥 连东洋 吴魏伟 杨彧 LU Zhiyun;YANG Jingsui;LIAN Dongyang;WU Weiwei;YANG Yu(School of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058,China;State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research,School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学地球科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]南京大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京210023 [3]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [4]中国地质科学院,北京100037

出　　处：《地质学报》2025年第4期1427-1441,共15页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号92062215,42272068,42330306)资助的成果。

摘　　要：天然金刚石中普遍存在氮、氢杂质,其存在形式、含量及分布特征对理解深部地幔物质循环、金刚石在地幔中的滞留过程具有重要参考意义。自从第一颗人造金刚石被通过高温高压法(HPHT)合成以来,前人在不同压力、温度(P-T)及介质组分的金刚石合成实验中积累了大量的数据。本文对前人在金属-碳、碳酸盐-碳、碳酸盐-硅酸盐-碳、硫化物-碳、氮化物-碳、氮化物-硫化物等体系合成的金刚石氮、氢杂质的存在形式及含量进行了系统性总结。此外,本文还从金刚石晶体结构的角度分析了[111]和[100]生长取向差异对金刚石中氮、氢含量的影响差异性原因;讨论了P-T条件、组分对合成金刚石中氮、氢杂质存在形式的影响;回顾了金刚石晶格中的氮缺陷Ib→IaA,IaA→IaB聚合的二级动力学过程。通过对比不同类型天然金刚石中的典型氮、氢杂质存在形式及含量,为研究天然金刚石的形成环境提供新的借鉴。The occurrence,content and distribution characteristics of nitrogen and hydrogen impurities,which are widely present in natural diamonds,are of great significance for understanding the material cycle and for estimating the residence time of diamond in the deep mantle.Since the first diamond crystal was produced by the high temperature and high pressure(HPHT) method,researchers have obtained a large amount of data on diamonds synthesized at different pressures,temperatures(P-T),and media components.This paper systematically summarizes the occurrences and contents of nitrogen and hydrogen impurities in diamond crystals synthesized in the metal-carbon,carbonate-carbon,carbonate-silicate-carbon,sulfide-carbon,nitride-carbon,and nitride-sulfide systems.In addition,the influence of [111] and [100] orientations on the nitrogen and hydrogen content in diamonds is analyzed from the perspective of diamond crystal structure.We also discuss the effects of P-T conditions,components on the existence forms of nitrogen and hydrogen impurities in synthetic diamonds.It is also reviewed that the aggregation of Ib→IaA,IaA→IaB nitrogen defect in diamond lattice follows a secondary kinetic process of conversion.Combining the typical forms and contents of nitrogen and hydrogen impurities in different types of natural diamonds,this article can provide further research directions for the formation environment of natural diamonds from the perspective of nitrogen and hydrogen impurities.

关 键 词：金刚石 实验岩石学 氮 氢 高温高压实验 

分 类 号：P575[天文地球—矿物学]