芝麻茎点枯病不同病级对单株产量及性状的影响  

Effects of different disease grades of sesame stem rot on individual plant yield and traits

作　　者：郑磊 张仙美 刘美茹 卫松山 吴鹤敏 宋高杰 孙浩 ZHENG Lei;ZHANG Xianmei;LIU Meiru;WEI Songshan;WU Hemin;SONG Gaojie;SUN Hao(Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Luohe Engineering Research Center of Sesame,Luohe 462300,Henan;Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang 464399,Henan)

机构地区：[1]漯河市农业科学院漯河市芝麻工程技术研究中心,河南漯河462300 [2]信阳农林学院,河南信阳464399

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2025年第3期604-608,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系项目(CARS-14);中原科技创新领军人才资助项目(224200510021);河南省农科系统协同体项目。

摘　　要：为了探明芝麻茎点枯病不同发病级别对单株产量及性状的影响,本文利用自然发病条件,采用病株与对照成对数据比较的方法开展相关研究。结果表明:1级病株较对照减产2.09%,2级病株减产21.76%,3级病株减产23.28%,4级病株减产67.49%。所有病株的株产量下降率和发病级别呈极显著相关性。随着茎点枯病病级的升高,单株产量损失率、蒴果数下降率、有效蒴果数下降率、千粒重下降率、株高下降率、果节数下降率均逐步增大。针对这6个性状,1级病株与对照无显著差异;4级病株与对照呈极显著差异;1级和4级病株的上述各性状的下降率均达到显著或极显著差异。在各个病级中,蒴果数的下降对单株产量减少起了决定性的作用。籽粒变小导致的千粒重下降,可能在特定病级单株产量下降中起到比较重要的作用。本研究为群体产量的估算提供了一个基础条件。In order to investigate the impact of different disease grades of sesame stem rot on individual plant yield and traits,this study compared paired data between diseased plants and control plants under natural disease comditions.The results showed that the first grade diseased plant had a 2.09%reduction in production compared with the control,the second grade reduced production by 21.76%,the third grade reduced production by 23.28%,and the fourth grade reduced production by 67.49%.There was a highly significant correlation between the yield decline rate of all diseased plants and the severity of the disease.As the grades of sesame stem rot increased,the rate of yield loss per plant,capsule number reduction rate,effective capsule reduction rate,thousand grain weight reduction rate,plant height reduction rate,and fruit node number reduction rate increased.For these six traits,there was no significant difference between the first grade diseased plant and the control.The difference between the fourth grade diseased plant and the control was extremely significant and the decrease rate of the above traits of the first grade diseased plant and that of the fourth grade diseased plant all reached significant or extremely significant differences.The decrease in capsule number plays a decisive role in the reduction of yield per plant.The decrease in thousand grain weight caused by smaller grains may play an important role in the decrease of yield per plant at specific disease grades.This study provides a basic condition for estimating population yield.

关 键 词：芝麻茎点枯病 发病级别 单株产量 性状 

分 类 号：S431.16[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]