面向低轨卫星的螺旋天线及其阵列设计  

Design of spiral antenna and array for low earth orbit satellites

作　　者：郭萌 董妮妮 高峰 齐娜娜 陈璐 贺畅 陈天夫 刘鹏 GUO Meng;DONG Nini;GAO Feng;QI Nana;CHEN Lu;HE Chang;CHEN Tianfu;LIU Peng(Xi’an Aerospace Remote Sensing Data Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安航天天绘数据技术有限公司,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《现代电子技术》2025年第9期54-61,共8页Modern Electronics Technique

摘　　要：为了满足低轨卫星地面系统通信需求,提出一种提升低仰角增益的宽带螺旋天线设计方案。天线螺旋臂印制于聚酰亚胺薄膜上,柱体采用聚醚酰亚胺材料作为薄膜支撑。螺旋线由主臂螺旋天线和寄生臂螺旋线组成,寄生臂通过短路柱与接地板连接。通过改变螺旋线倾角、螺旋直径以及螺旋线长度实现超宽带与低仰角增益特性。文中给出天线的设计思路,通过大量的电磁仿真计算,最终确定了天线的最优结构,并进行了实物加工与测量。实测结果表明,文中设计的螺旋天线水平增益达到-1 dB,相对带宽达到13.3%,3 dB波瓣宽度187°,螺旋直径为40 mm,高度为125 mm,仿真与实测结果一致性良好。将该模型进行优化的螺旋组阵设计,12阵元相控阵根据仿真结果可知,天线增益带宽为12.5%,天线法向扫描增益≥10.4 dB,扫描范围±76°,增益≥10.3 dB。天线在扫描±76°范围内增益比较平缓,波动范围窄,具有良好的大角度扫描性能,解决了相控阵天线扫描角度窄、低仰角增益低的问题,为低轨卫星地面便携设备提供了一种新颖的天线结构及组阵方式。A design scheme of wide-band spiral antenna is proposed to enhance low elevation gain,so as to meet the communication requirements of low earth orbit satellite terrestrial systems.The spiral arm of the antenna is printed on a polyimide film,and the polyetherimide material is used as the column to support the film.The spiral antenna consists of a main arm spiral line and a parasitic arm spiral line,with the parasitic arm connected to the grounding plate through a short-circuit column.By changing the helix inclination angle,helix diameter and helix length,the characteristics of ultra wide band(UWB)and low elevation gain can be achieved.The design concept of the antenna is presented in this article.The optimal structure of the antenna has been ultimately determined after extensive electromagnetic simulation calculations.The physical processing and measurement are carried out.The experimental results show that the horizontal gain of the designed spiral antenna reaches-1 dB,the relative bandwidth reaches 13.3%,and the 3 dB lobe width is 187 degrees.Its spiral diameter is 40 mm and its height is 125 mm.The simulation and actual measurement results are consistent.The model is optimized for spiral array design.According to the simulation results,the gain bandwidth of the 12 spiral phased array antennas is 12.5%,the normal scanning gain of the array is≥10.4 dB,and the gain with a scanning range of±76°is≥10.3 dB.The antenna has a relatively smooth gain and narrow fluctuation range within a scanning range of±76°,and has good large-angle scanning performance.It can expand the scanning angle and increase the elevation gain of phased array antennas,so it can be a consistent and novel antenna and array structure for low orbit satellite ground portable equipment.

关 键 词：螺旋天线 低仰角 高增益 相控阵 低轨卫星通信 薄膜 

分 类 号：TN820.15-34[电子电信—信息与通信工程]