论汉字的字形义  

Explicating the Characteristics of Script Configuration-based Meanings of Chinese Characters

作　　者：胡安顺[1] HU An-shun(College of Language and Literature,Shanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710062,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,西安710062

出　　处：《语言与翻译》2025年第1期11-18,50,共9页Language and Translation

摘　　要：和拼音文字一样,汉字在本质上也是通过字音传达意义的。与拼音文字相比,汉字字形同时也传达出了一定的意义,这种意义可以叫做“字形义”,汉字字音传达的意义可以叫做“字音义”。字音义是准确的,字形义则不够确定、具体,有很多局限性,甚或有误导作用,但它参与了汉字的构形,关系到汉字的信息量和区别度,在词义辨别、增强古今汉语联系、保存古代文化、释读古文字、维系汉语方言、增强汉字表现力等方面发挥着不可替代的作用,是构成汉字的基本要素。在汉字发展的各个阶段,字形义与字音义的联系总体上比较密切,只有部分字的字形义发生了改变甚或消失,导致与字音义的联系被削弱或中断,这种现象很正常,不会影响汉字的性质。不过,字形义与字音义的联系不宜过度地被削弱或中断,否则,势必会弱化甚至改变汉字的性质。Similar to the way in which meaning of a word is determined in phonographic scripts,the way in which meaning of a Chinese character is designated is essentially based on its phonemic feature.The difference between the two ways of the two script systems is that,in the latter,the script configuration of the character plays a given part in designating its meaning.In this article,the meaning designated by the part of the script configuration of a character is defined as"script configuration-based meaning"while the meaning designated by the part of phoneme is defined as"phoneme-based meaning."The way in relation to the determining of the phoneme-based meaning is accurate while the way in relation to the determining of the script configuration-based meaning is not so definite,not so specific―having a lot of limitations including those misleadings.But the script configuration-based meaning embeds itself in the script configuration,forming the key element in character construction.It plays such irreplaceable functioning roles as in helping determine information capacity and distinction capability of a character,discriminate and enhance the connection between the modern and the classical characters in terms of meaning change,preserve the antique civilizations,decipher the antique characters,maintain various Chinese dialects for its vitality in use.In the different stages of Chinese characters development,the script configuration-based meaning has had a fairly close connection with the phoneme-based meaning as a whole,except for a few cases in which changes have taken place in the script configuration-based meanings.Those changes have led to the ceasing or the attenuating of its connection with its phoneme-based meanings.This is a natural phenomenon and it would not affect the nature of the Chinese characters,though.Yet the connection that the script configuration-based meaning has with the phoneme-based meaning should not unduly be separated or attenuated.Otherwise,that would lead to the weakening or changing of the nat

关 键 词：汉字 字形义 信息量 区别度 与字音义的联系 

分 类 号：H02[语言文字—语言学]