2012—2023年北京市丰台区细菌性腹泻监测结果分析  

Analysis of surveillance results on bacterial diarrhea in Fengtai District from 2012 to 2023

作　　者：张志敏 王兆娥[1] 封会茹[1] 余红[1] 侯宛祺 常利杰 ZHANG Zhimin;WANG Zhaoe;FENG Huiru;YU Hong;HOU Wanqi;CHANG Lijie(Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心,北京100071

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2025年第4期448-457,共10页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解北京市丰台区细菌性腹泻细菌病原谱及其流行特征,为丰台区细菌性腹泻传染病的防控工作提供依据。方法收集2012—2023年北京市丰台区哨点医院肠道门诊腹泻病例粪便标本,采用传统分离培养法结合生化鉴定和质谱鉴定沙门菌、副溶血弧菌、弯曲菌等病原菌,采用PCR法进行致泻性大肠埃希菌致病型及副溶血弧菌毒力基因鉴定,采用玻片凝集法进行血清分型。对实验数据进行描述性流行病学分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2012—2023年丰台区腹泻病例病原菌检出率为24.48%,致泻大肠埃希菌(diarrheagenic Escherichia coli,DEC)检出最多(10.84%),其次为副溶血弧菌(vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)8.93%、沙门菌6.71%和弯曲菌4.27%。DEC和VP主要分布在青中年年龄段,弯曲菌检出率男性高于女性(χ^(2)=5.220,P=0.022)。病原菌呈夏季高峰,8月(42.75%)检出率最高。2012—2023年病原菌检出率变化明显,VP、DEC、弯曲菌依次位居首位,VP呈下降趋势、DEC呈上升趋势。DEC以ETEC为主,ETEC先升后降、EAEC呈上升趋势。沙门菌血清分布较分散,肠炎沙门菌血清型最多,检出率在4%上下波动。VP以O3K6血清型为主,检出率呈下降趋势。空肠弯曲菌检出率高于结肠弯曲菌。混合感染呈夏季高峰,7月检出率最高,无性别、无年龄差异,5岁以下儿童未见混合感染。结论2012—2023年北京市丰台区腹泻病例病原菌以DEC为主,其次为VP、沙门菌和弯曲菌。病原谱排位变化明显,各病原菌有夏季流行特征,存在性别及年龄分布差异,可对本区细菌性腹泻传染病进行针对性的防控。Objective To understand the bacterial spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of bacterial diarrhea in Fengtai District.Methods Stool samples from intestinal diarrhea patients in Sentinel hospital of Fengtai District,Beijing from 2012 to 2023 were collected.The pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella,vibrio parahaemolyticus and campylobacter were identified by traditional isolation and culture,biochemical identification and time of flight mass spectrometry.Genetyping of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)and virulence genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP)were identified by PCR,and serotyping was identified by slide agglutination.Descriptive analysis was carried out on the experimental data,rate and ratio were used to describe the counting data,and theχ^(2)test was used to compare the rates,the test level wasα=0.05.Results The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in diarrhea cases in Fengtai district from 2012 to 2023 was 24.48%.DEC was the most common pathogen(10.84%),followed by VP(8.93%),Salmonella(6.71%)and Campylobacter(4.27%).DEC and VP were mainly distributed in young and middle age,and the detection rate of Campylobacter was higher in male than in female(χ^(2)=5.220,P=0.022).The peak of pathogenic bacteria detection rate was in summer,and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was the highest in August(42.75%).The detection rate of all pathogens from 2012 to2023 changed obviously.VP,DEC and Campylobacter ranked the first in turn.VP showed a downward trend and DEC showed an upward trend.ETEC was the mainly pathogenic type of DEC,ETEC showed upward first and then downward trend,and EAEC showed an upward trend.The serum distribution of Salmonella was scattered,Salmonella enteritidis serotype was the most,the detection rate fluctuated around 4%.The detection rate of VP showed a decreasing trend,and O3K6 serotype was predominant.The detection rate of Campylobacter jejuni was higher than that of Campylobacter coli.The peak of mixed infection detection rate was the highest in summer and the highest in J

关 键 词：细菌性腹泻 病原谱 流行特征 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]