2023年黑龙江省基层医务人员突发公共卫生事件应急能力现状及影响因素分析  

Current situation and influencing factors of public health emergency response capacity of primary medical staff in Heilongjiang Province 2023

作　　者：佟海龙 徐洪娜 董志涛 侯炳瑞 王艳[1] TONG Hailong;XU Hongna;DONG Zhitao;HOU Bingrui;WANG Yan(Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin 150056,Heilongjiang Province,China;Nehe Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qiqihar 161000,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,哈尔滨150056 [2]讷河市疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2025年第4期500-506,527,共8页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(项目编号:20231212050347)。

摘　　要：目的了解黑龙江省基层医务人员突发公共卫生事件应急能力现况,探究其影响因素,为提升突发公共事件应急能力提供参考依据。方法2023年8至10月采用方便抽样方法对6426名黑龙江省基层医务工作人员进行网络问卷调查,主要调查内容包括基本情况和卫生应急能力三维度(理论知识、专业技能、心理素质);运用χ^(2)检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验及Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行对比分析,采用Logistic回归模型探讨基层医务人员突发公共卫生事件应急能力的影响因素,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果黑龙江省基层医务人员突发公共卫生事件应急能力总均分为(3.81±0.58)分,其中低水平者278名(4.9%),中水平者3297名(58.7%),高水平者2045名(36.4%)。卫生应急能力三维度中,心理素质均分最高、理论知识均分最低。Logistic回归分析结果显示,具有执业资格证、参与过卫生应急培训、演练和处置对基层医务人员突发公共卫生事件应急能力有显著影响,地区和性别有一定影响。结论黑龙江省基层医务人员卫突发公共卫生事件应急能力处于中等略偏上水平,但是卫生应急理论知识掌握不全面,尤其是地震、洪涝等自然灾害卫生工作方面知识和要求的匮乏,以及对制订病例定义等专业技能掌握不充分等问题仍然突出,亟待解决。建议开展针对薄弱环节的多种形式的卫生应急培训和演练、积极参与应急处置,努力学习获取执业资格,从而提升卫生应急能力。Objective To understand the current situation of public health emergency response capacity of primary medical staff in Heilongjiang province,explore its influencing factors,and to provide reference for improving the public emergency response capacity.Methods From August to October2023,a network survey was conducted among 6426 primary medical staff in Heilongjiang province by convenience sampling method.The survey included basic information and three dimensions of health emergency capacity(theoretical knowledge,professional skills and psychological quality).χ^(2)test,Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for comparative analysis.Logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of the emergency response ability of primary medical staff to public health emergencies.The difference P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The average score of emergency response ability of primary medical staff in Heilongjiang province was(3.81±0.58),of which 278(4.9%)were at the low level,3297(58.7%)were at the middle level,and 2045(36.4%)were at the high level.Among the three dimensions of health emergency response capacity,the average score of psychological quality was the highest and the average score of theoretical knowledge was the lowest.Logistic regression analysis showed that medical practice certificate,participating in health emergency training,drills and disposal had a significant impact on the ability of primary medical staff to respond to public health emergencies,and the region and gender were influencing factors.Conclusions The emergency response ability of primary medical staff in Heilongjiang province is at a medium level,but there are still shortcomings.However,the lack of theoretical knowledge of health emergency,especially the lack of knowledge and requirements of health work in natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods,as well as the inadequate mastery of professional skills such as case definitions,are still prominent and urgent to be solved.It is

关 键 词：基层医务人员 突发公共卫生事件 应急能力 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]