液态金属基可拉伸导电复合材料  

Liquid Metal-Based Stretchable Conductive Composites

作　　者：郑再阳 孙会彬 黄维[1] Zaiyang Zheng;Huibin Sun;Wei Huang(School of Flexible Electronics(Future Technologies)and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM),Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学柔性电子(未来技术)学院先进材料研究院,南京211816

出　　处：《化学进展》2025年第3期295-316,共22页Progress in Chemistry

摘　　要：拉伸电子器件因具有优异的机械性能和电学性能,已成为当下信息电子领域的研究热点。作为拉伸电子器件中的高速电子传输通道,可拉伸导电材料在实现拉伸电子器件功能中起着至关重要的作用。液态金属因兼具本征柔性和优异导电性能,近年来逐渐成为拉伸导电复合材料领域的热点研究对象。液态金属是一种常温液态导电材料,由于其固有的高导电性、流动性和延展性,使其表现出优异的可拉伸性和可调性。基于液态金属的可拉伸导电复合材料制备与图案化技术相继被报道,并成功应用于制备兼具优秀机械和电气性能的可拉伸器件。鉴于液态金属基可拉伸复合材料的一般结构特点,制备的关键是如何解决不同材料之间物性差异所导致的界面处非浸润问题。因此,本文从常见的复合材料种类出发,首先简要介绍了常被采用的液态金属的一般组分与物理性质,以及常用的可拉伸聚合物基质材料。然后分别从“被动”和“主动”两种应对界面非浸润问题的解决方式以及共混分散法、新式改性法等综述了液态金属基导电复合材料中液态金属与弹性材料的复合方法。最后对这一领域的最新研究进展做了简单介绍,并对未来液态金属基复合导电材料的研究方向和所面临的问题做了初步探讨。Nowadays stretchable electronic devices have become a hot research topic in the field of information electronics because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties.As the high-speed electron transmission channel in stretching electronic devices,stretchable conductive materials play a crucial role in realizing the functions of stretching electronic devices.Liquid metal has become a hot research object in the field of stretchable conductive composites in recent years because of its intrinsic flexibility and excellent conductivity.Liquid metal is a room temperature liquid conductive material,which exhibits excellent stretchability and tunability due to its inherent high conductivity,fluidity,and ductility.Liquid metal-based stretchable conductive composites preparation and patterning techniques have been reported and many stretchable devices with excellent combination of mechanical and electrical properties have been prepared.In view of the general structural characteristics of liquid metal-based stretchable composites,the key to the preparation is how to solve the interfacial non-impregnation problem caused by the physical property differences between different materials.Therefore,starting from the common types of composites,this paper firstly briefly introduces the components and physical properties of liquid metals generally used,as well as the stretchable polymer matrix materials usually employed.Then,the composite methods of conductive materials and elastomer materials in liquid metal-based electrodes are reviewed from the two ways of"passive"and"active"to deal with the problem of non-wetting at the interface,as well as the blending and dispersion method and the new modification method.Finally,the latest research progress is introduced,and the current status of liquid metal research is summarized.Future development and potential problems to be faced are also discussed.

关 键 词：液态金属 可拉伸电子 电极图案化制备技术 

分 类 号：O614[理学—无机化学]