还原固硫熔炼法从模拟废铅膏中回收铅  

Recovery of lead from simulated waste lead paste through reductive sulfur fixation smelting

作　　者：刘兰进 卢人航 蒋春生 张忠堂 LIU Lanjin;LU Renhang;JIANG Chunsheng;ZHANG Zhongtang(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Metallurgy for Strategic Nonferrous Metals,Ganzhou 341000,China;School of Metallurgical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Jiangxi Ruida New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yichun 336000,China)

机构地区：[1]战略有色金属绿色低碳冶金江西省重点实验室,赣州341000 [2]江西理工大学冶金工程学院,赣州341000 [3]江西睿达新能源科技有限公司,宜春336000

出　　处：《江西冶金》2025年第2期103-111,共9页Jiangxi Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904201);赣鄱俊才支持计划·青年科技人才托举项目(2024QT06);江西省自然科学基金青年基金项目(20242BAB25250,20224BAB214040)。

摘　　要：废旧铅酸蓄电池拆解后得到的废铅膏中含有40%~60%的PbSO_(4),是法律规定必须回收的一种废铅化合物。为克服现有火法工艺回收废铅膏烟尘大及熔炼温度高的缺点,提出了在熔炼过程中加入FeO、CaO等固硫剂进行还原固硫熔炼的方法。以PbSO_(4)代替废铅膏为研究对象,利用热力学软件FactSage研究废铅膏还原固硫熔炼过程中各反应发生的趋势及各条件下炉渣的性质,并进行了实验验证。热力学分析表明,控制温度条件,PbSO_(4)与C反应分解为PbO或金属Pb的过程可以自发进行,加入FeO、CaO等固硫剂将增大此反应进行的趋势。验证实验结果表明,在1250℃、CaO与SiO_(2)的质量比为0.5、Fe与SiO_(2)的质量比为1.0的条件下,熔炼2h,金属相中Pb含量为94.44%,渣中Pb含量为2.10%,Pb的直收率可达到83.73%,表明此还原固硫熔炼工艺具有可行性。About 40%to 60%of PbSO_(4)is contained in the waste lead paste obtained from the disassembly of waste lead-acid batteries,which is a waste lead compound that must be recovered according to legal regulations.To overcome the shortcomings of existing pyrometallurgical processes,specifically the high emissions of lead paste fumes and elevated melting temperatures,a method of reductive sulfur fixation smelting incorporating sulfur fixatives such as FeO and CaO has been proposed.PbSO_(4)has been selected as the research object instead of lead paste.Using the thermodynamic software FactSage,the trends of reactions occurring during the reductive sulfur fixation smelting of waste lead paste were studied,as well as the properties of the slag under various conditions,and experimental validation was conducted.Thermodynamic analysis indicates that under controlled temperature conditions,the reaction of PbSO_(4)with carbon,resulting in the decomposition to PbO or metallic Pb,can occur spontaneously.The addition of sulfur fixatives such as FeO and CaO enhances the tendency of this reaction.Validation experiments demonstrated that,under conditions of 1250℃,with a mass ratio of CaO to SiO_(2)of 0.5 and a mass ratio of Fe to SiO_(2)of 1.0,smelting for 2 h resulted in a Pb content of 94.44%in the metallic phase and 2.10%in the slag,achieving an overall Pb recovery rate of 83.73%.This confirms the feasibility of the proposed reductive sulfur fixation smelting process.

关 键 词：废铅膏 热力学分析 还原固硫 

分 类 号：TF812[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TD952[矿业工程—选矿]